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APS » Journals » Phys. Rev. Lett. » Volume 100 » Issue 23
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 230602 (2008) [4 pages]

Steady-State Thermodynamics for Heat Conduction: Microscopic Derivation

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Teruhisa S. Komatsu1, Naoko Nakagawa2, Shin-ichi Sasa1, and Hal Tasaki3
1Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
2College of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
3Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan

Received 2 November 2007; revised 19 March 2008; published 13 June 2008

Starting from microscopic mechanics, we derive thermodynamic relations for heat conducting nonequilibrium steady states. The extended Clausius relation enables one to experimentally determine nonequilibrium entropy to the second order in the heat current. The associated Shannon-like microscopic expression of the entropy is suggestive. When the heat current is fixed, the extended Gibbs relation provides a unified treatment of thermodynamic forces in the linear nonequilibrium regime.

© 2008 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.230602
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.230602
PACS:
05.70.Ln, 05.40.−a, 05.60.Cd
 
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