Phys. Rev. Lett.
100,
232301
(2008)
[6 pages]
Source Breakup Dynamics in Au+Au Collisions at √sNN=200 GeV via Three-Dimensional Two-Pion Source Imaging
S. Afanasiev et al. PHENIX Collaboration
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S. Afanasiev17, C. Aidala7, N. N. Ajitanand43, Y. Akiba37,38, J. Alexander43, A. Al-Jamel33, K. Aoki23,37, L. Aphecetche45, R. Armendariz33, S. H. Aronson3, R. Averbeck44, T. C. Awes34, B. Azmoun3, V. Babintsev14, A. Baldisseri8, K. N. Barish4, P. D. Barnes26, B. Bassalleck32, S. Bathe4, S. Batsouli7, V. Baublis36, F. Bauer4, A. Bazilevsky3, S. Belikov3,16,*, R. Bennett44, Y. Berdnikov40, M. T. Bjorndal7, J. G. Boissevain26, H. Borel8, K. Boyle44, M. L. Brooks26, D. S. Brown33, D. Bucher29, H. Buesching3, V. Bumazhnov14, G. Bunce3,38, J. M. Burward-Hoy26, S. Butsyk44, S. Campbell44, J.-S. Chai18, S. Chernichenko14, J. Chiba19, C. Y. Chi7, M. Chiu7, I. J. Choi52, T. Chujo49, P. Chung43, V. Cianciolo34, C. R. Cleven12, Y. Cobigo8, B. A. Cole7, M. P. Comets35, P. Constantin16, M. Csanád10, T. Csörgő20, T. Dahms44, K. Das11, G. David3, H. Delagrange45, A. Denisov14, D. d’Enterria7, A. Deshpande38,44, E. J. Desmond3, O. Dietzsch41, A. Dion44, J. L. Drachenberg1, O. Drapier24, A. Drees44, A. K. Dubey51, A. Durum14, V. Dzhordzhadze46, Y. V. Efremenko34, J. Egdemir44, A. Enokizono13, H. En’yo37,38, B. Espagnon35, S. Esumi48, D. E. Fields32,38, F. Fleuret24, S. L. Fokin22, B. Forestier27, Z. Fraenkel51,*, J. E. Frantz7, A. Franz3, A. D. Frawley11, Y. Fukao23,37, S.-Y. Fung4, S. Gadrat27, F. Gastineau45, M. Germain45, A. Glenn46, M. Gonin24, J. Gosset8, Y. Goto37,38, R. Granier de Cassagnac24, N. Grau16, S. V. Greene49, M. Grosse Perdekamp15,38, T. Gunji5, H.-Å. Gustafsson28, T. Hachiya13,37, A. Hadj Henni45, J. S. Haggerty3, M. N. Hagiwara1, H. Hamagaki5, H. Harada13, E. P. Hartouni25, K. Haruna13, M. Harvey3, E. Haslum28, K. Hasuko37, R. Hayano5, M. Heffner25, T. K. Hemmick44, J. M. Heuser37, X. He12, H. Hiejima15, J. C. Hill16, R. Hobbs32, M. Holmes49, W. Holzmann43, K. Homma13, B. Hong21, T. Horaguchi37,47, M. G. Hur18, T. Ichihara37,38, K. Imai23,37, M. Inaba48, D. Isenhower1, L. Isenhower1, M. Ishihara37, T. Isobe5, M. Issah43, A. Isupov17, B. V. Jacak44,†, J. Jia7, J. Jin7, O. Jinnouchi38, B. M. Johnson3, K. S. Joo30, D. Jouan35, F. Kajihara5,37, S. Kametani5,50, N. Kamihara37,47, M. Kaneta38, J. H. Kang52, T. Kawagishi48, A. V. Kazantsev22, S. Kelly6, A. Khanzadeev36, D. J. Kim52, E. Kim42, Y.-S. Kim18, E. Kinney6, A. Kiss10, E. Kistenev3, A. Kiyomichi37, C. Klein-Boesing29, L. Kochenda36, V. Kochetkov14, B. Komkov36, M. Konno48, D. Kotchetkov4, A. Kozlov51, P. J. Kroon3, G. J. Kunde26, N. Kurihara5, K. Kurita39,37, M. J. Kweon21, Y. Kwon52, G. S. Kyle33, R. Lacey43, J. G. Lajoie16, A. Lebedev16, Y. Le Bornec35, S. Leckey44, D. M. Lee26, M. K. Lee52, M. J. Leitch26, M. A. L. Leite41, H. Lim42, A. Litvinenko17, M. X. Liu26, X. H. Li4, C. F. Maguire49, Y. I. Makdisi3, A. Malakhov17, M. D. Malik32, V. I. Manko22, H. Masui48, F. Matathias44, M. C. McCain15, P. L. McGaughey26, Y. Miake48, T. E. Miller49, A. Milov44, S. Mioduszewski3, G. C. Mishra12, J. T. Mitchell3, D. P. Morrison3, J. M. Moss26, T. V. Moukhanova22, D. Mukhopadhyay49, J. Murata39,37, S. Nagamiya19, Y. Nagata48, J. L. Nagle6, M. Naglis51, T. Nakamura13, J. Newby25, M. Nguyen44, B. E. Norman26, A. S. Nyanin22, J. Nystrand28, E. O’Brien3, C. A. Ogilvie16, H. Ohnishi37, I. D. Ojha49, H. Okada23,37, K. Okada38, O. O. Omiwade1, A. Oskarsson28, I. Otterlund28, K. Ozawa5, D. Pal49, A. P. T. Palounek26, V. Pantuev44, V. Papavassiliou33, J. Park42, W. J. Park21, S. F. Pate33, H. Pei16, J.-C. Peng15, H. Pereira8, V. Peresedov17, D. Yu. Peressounko22, C. Pinkenburg3, R. P. Pisani3, M. L. Purschke3, A. K. Purwar44, H. Qu12, J. Rak16, I. Ravinovich51, K. F. Read34,46, M. Reuter44, K. Reygers29, V. Riabov36, Y. Riabov36, G. Roche27, A. Romana24,*, M. Rosati16, S. S. E. Rosendahl28, P. Rosnet27, P. Rukoyatkin17, V. L. Rykov37, S. S. Ryu52, B. Sahlmueller29, N. Saito23,37,38, T. Sakaguchi5,50, S. Sakai48, V. Samsonov36, H. D. Sato23,37, S. Sato3,19,48, S. Sawada19, V. Semenov14, R. Seto4, D. Sharma51, T. K. Shea3, I. Shein14, T.-A. Shibata37,47, K. Shigaki13, M. Shimomura48, T. Shohjoh48, K. Shoji23,37, A. Sickles44, C. L. Silva41, D. Silvermyr34, K. S. Sim21, C. P. Singh2, V. Singh2, S. Skutnik16, W. C. Smith1, A. Soldatov14, R. A. Soltz25, W. E. Sondheim26, S. P. Sorensen46, I. V. Sourikova3, F. Staley8, P. W. Stankus34, E. Stenlund28, M. Stepanov33, A. Ster20, S. P. Stoll3, T. Sugitate13, C. Suire35, J. P. Sullivan26, J. Sziklai20, T. Tabaru38, S. Takagi48, E. M. Takagui41, A. Taketani37,38, K. H. Tanaka19, Y. Tanaka31, K. Tanida37,38, M. J. Tannenbaum3, A. Taranenko43, P. Tarján9, T. L. Thomas32, M. Togawa23,37, J. Tojo37, H. Torii37, R. S. Towell1, V-N. Tram24, I. Tserruya51, Y. Tsuchimoto13,37, S. K. Tuli2, H. Tydesjö28, N. Tyurin14, C. Vale16, H. Valle49, H. W. van Hecke26, J. Velkovska49, R. Vertesi9, A. A. Vinogradov22, E. Vznuzdaev36, M. Wagner23,37, X. R. Wang33, Y. Watanabe37,38, J. Wessels29, S. N. White3, N. Willis35, D. Winter7, C. L. Woody3, M. Wysocki6, W. Xie4,38, A. Yanovich14, S. Yokkaichi37,38, G. R. Young34, I. Younus32, I. E. Yushmanov22, W. A. Zajc7, O. Zaudtke29, C. Zhang7, J. Zimányi20,*, and L. Zolin17 (PHENIX Collaboration)
1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
2Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
3Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
4University of California–Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
5Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
6University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
7Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
8Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
9Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
10ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H - 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
11Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
12Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
13Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
14IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
15University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
16Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
17Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
18KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, Korea
19KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
20KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, PO Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
21Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
22Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, Russia
23Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
24Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
25Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
26Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
27LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
28Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
29Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
30Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
31Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
32University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
33New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
34Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
35IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
36PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
37RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
38RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
39Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
40Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
41Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
42System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
43Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
44Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
45SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
46University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
47Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
48Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
49Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
50Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
51Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
52Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
Received 28 December 2007; published 13 June 2008
A three-dimensional correlation function obtained from midrapidity, low pT, pion pairs in central Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV is studied. The extracted model-independent source function indicates a long range tail in the directions of the pion pair transverse momentum (out) and the beam (long). A proper breakup time τ0∼9 fm/c and a mean proper emission duration Δτ∼2 fm/c, leading to sizable emission time differences (⟨|ΔtLCM|⟩≈12 fm/c), are required to allow models to be successfully matched to these tails. The model comparisons also suggest an outside-in “burning” of the emission source reminiscent of many hydrodynamical models.
© 2008 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.232301
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.232301
*Deceased. †PHENIX Spokesperson. jacak@skipper.physics.sunysb.edu
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