First Measurement of W Boson Production in Association with a Single Charm Quark in pp̅ Collisions at √s=1.96  TeV

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T. Aaltonen²³, J. Adelman¹³, T. Akimoto⁵⁴, M. G. Albrow¹⁷, B. Álvarez González¹¹, S. Amerio⁴², D. Amidei³⁴, A. Anastassov⁵¹, A. Annovi¹⁹, J. Antos¹⁴, M. Aoki²⁴, G. Apollinari¹⁷, A. Apresyan⁴⁷, T. Arisawa⁵⁶, A. Artikov¹⁵, W. Ashmanskas¹⁷, A. Attal³, A. Aurisano⁵², F. Azfar⁴¹, P. Azzi-Bacchetta⁴², P. Azzurri⁴⁵, N. Bacchetta⁴², W. Badgett¹⁷, A. Barbaro-Galtieri²⁸, V. E. Barnes⁴⁷, B. A. Barnett²⁵, S. Baroiant⁷, V. Bartsch³⁰, G. Bauer³², P.-H. Beauchemin³³, F. Bedeschi⁴⁵, P. Bednar¹⁴, S. Behari²⁵, G. Bellettini⁴⁵, J. Bellinger⁵⁸, A. Belloni²², D. Benjamin¹⁶, A. Beretvas¹⁷, J. Beringer²⁸, T. Berry²⁹, A. Bhatti⁴⁹, M. Binkley¹⁷, D. Bisello⁴², I. Bizjak³⁰, R. E. Blair², C. Blocker⁶, B. Blumenfeld²⁵, A. Bocci¹⁶, A. Bodek⁴⁸, V. Boisvert⁴⁸, G. Bolla⁴⁷, A. Bolshov³², D. Bortoletto⁴⁷, J. Boudreau⁴⁶, A. Boveia¹⁰, B. Brau¹⁰, A. Bridgeman²⁴, L. Brigliadori⁵, C. Bromberg³⁵, E. Brubaker¹³, J. Budagov¹⁵, H. S. Budd⁴⁸, S. Budd²⁴, K. Burkett¹⁷, G. Busetto⁴², P. Bussey²¹, A. Buzatu³³, K. L. Byrum², S. Cabrera^16,*, M. Campanelli³⁵, M. Campbell³⁴, F. Canelli¹⁷, A. Canepa⁴⁴, D. Carlsmith⁵⁸, R. Carosi⁴⁵, S. Carrillo^18,†, S. Carron³³, B. Casal¹¹, M. Casarsa¹⁷, A. Castro⁵, P. Catastini⁴⁵, D. Cauz⁵³, M. Cavalli-Sforza³, A. Cerri²⁸, L. Cerrito^30,‡, S. H. Chang²⁷, Y. C. Chen¹, M. Chertok⁷, G. Chiarelli⁴⁵, G. Chlachidze¹⁷, F. Chlebana¹⁷, K. Cho²⁷, D. Chokheli¹⁵, J. P. Chou²², G. Choudalakis³², S. H. Chuang⁵¹, K. Chung¹², W. H. Chung⁵⁸, Y. S. Chung⁴⁸, C. I. Ciobanu²⁴, M. A. Ciocci⁴⁵, A. Clark²⁰, D. Clark⁶, G. Compostella⁴², M. E. Convery¹⁷, J. Conway⁷, B. Cooper³⁰, K. Copic³⁴, M. Cordelli¹⁹, G. Cortiana⁴², F. Crescioli⁴⁵, C. Cuenca Almenar^7,*, J. Cuevas^11,§, R. Culbertson¹⁷, J. C. Cully³⁴, D. Dagenhart¹⁷, M. Datta¹⁷, T. Davies²¹, P. de Barbaro⁴⁸, S. De Cecco⁵⁰, A. Deisher²⁸, G. De Lentdecker^48,**, G. De Lorenzo³, M. Dell’Orso⁴⁵, L. Demortier⁴⁹, J. Deng¹⁶, M. Deninno⁵, D. De Pedis⁵⁰, P. F. Derwent¹⁷, G. P. Di Giovanni⁴³, C. Dionisi⁵⁰, B. Di Ruzza⁵³, J. R. Dittmann⁴, M. D’Onofrio³, S. Donati⁴⁵, P. Dong⁸, J. Donini⁴², T. Dorigo⁴², S. Dube⁵¹, J. Efron³⁸, R. Erbacher⁷, D. Errede²⁴, S. Errede²⁴, R. Eusebi¹⁷, H. C. Fang²⁸, S. Farrington²⁹, W. T. Fedorko¹³, R. G. Feild⁵⁹, M. Feindt²⁶, J. P. Fernandez³¹, C. Ferrazza⁴⁵, R. Field¹⁸, G. Flanagan⁴⁷, R. Forrest⁷, S. Forrester⁷, M. Franklin²², J. C. Freeman²⁸, I. Furic¹⁸, M. Gallinaro⁴⁹, J. Galyardt¹², F. Garberson¹⁰, J. E. Garcia⁴⁵, A. F. Garfinkel⁴⁷, K. Genser¹⁷, H. Gerberich²⁴, D. Gerdes³⁴, S. Giagu⁵⁰, V. Giakoumopolou^45,††, P. Giannetti⁴⁵, K. Gibson⁴⁶, J. L. Gimmell⁴⁸, C. M. Ginsburg¹⁷, N. Giokaris^15,††, M. Giordani⁵³, P. Giromini¹⁹, M. Giunta⁴⁵, V. Glagolev¹⁵, D. Glenzinski¹⁷, M. Gold³⁶, N. Goldschmidt¹⁸, A. Golossanov¹⁷, G. Gomez¹¹, G. Gomez-Ceballos³², M. Goncharov⁵², O. González³¹, I. Gorelov³⁶, A. T. Goshaw¹⁶, K. Goulianos⁴⁹, A. Gresele⁴², S. Grinstein²², C. Grosso-Pilcher¹³, R. C. Group¹⁷, U. Grundler²⁴, J. Guimaraes da Costa²², Z. Gunay-Unalan³⁵, C. Haber²⁸, K. Hahn³², S. R. Hahn¹⁷, E. Halkiadakis⁵¹, A. Hamilton²⁰, B.-Y. Han⁴⁸, J. Y. Han⁴⁸, R. Handler⁵⁸, F. Happacher¹⁹, K. Hara⁵⁴, D. Hare⁵¹, M. Hare⁵⁵, S. Harper⁴¹, R. F. Harr⁵⁷, R. M. Harris¹⁷, M. Hartz⁴⁶, K. Hatakeyama⁴⁹, J. Hauser⁸, C. Hays⁴¹, M. Heck²⁶, A. Heijboer⁴⁴, B. Heinemann²⁸, J. Heinrich⁴⁴, C. Henderson³², M. Herndon⁵⁸, J. Heuser²⁶, S. Hewamanage⁴, D. Hidas¹⁶, C. S. Hill^10,‡‡, D. Hirschbuehl²⁶, A. Hocker¹⁷, S. Hou¹, M. Houlden²⁹, S.-C. Hsu⁹, B. T. Huffman⁴¹, R. E. Hughes³⁸, U. Husemann⁵⁹, J. Huston³⁵, J. Incandela¹⁰, G. Introzzi⁴⁵, M. Iori⁵⁰, A. Ivanov⁷, B. Iyutin³², E. James¹⁷, B. Jayatilaka¹⁶, D. Jeans⁵⁰, E. J. Jeon²⁷, S. Jindariani¹⁸, W. Johnson⁷, M. Jones⁴⁷, K. K. Joo²⁷, S. Y. Jun¹², J. E. Jung²⁷, T. R. Junk²⁴, T. Kamon⁵², D. Kar¹⁸, P. E. Karchin⁵⁷, Y. Kato⁴⁰, R. Kephart¹⁷, U. Kerzel²⁶, V. Khotilovich⁵², B. Kilminster³⁸, D. H. Kim²⁷, H. S. Kim²⁷, J. E. Kim²⁷, M. J. Kim¹⁷, S. B. Kim²⁷, S. H. Kim⁵⁴, Y. K. Kim¹³, N. Kimura⁵⁴, L. Kirsch⁶, S. Klimenko¹⁸, M. Klute³², B. Knuteson³², B. R. Ko¹⁶, S. A. Koay¹⁰, K. Kondo⁵⁶, D. J. Kong²⁷, J. Konigsberg¹⁸, A. Korytov¹⁸, A. V. Kotwal¹⁶, J. Kraus²⁴, M. Kreps²⁶, J. Kroll⁴⁴, N. Krumnack⁴, M. Kruse¹⁶, V. Krutelyov¹⁰, T. Kubo⁵⁴, S. E. Kuhlmann², T. Kuhr²⁶, N. P. Kulkarni⁵⁷, Y. Kusakabe⁵⁶, S. Kwang¹³, A. T. Laasanen⁴⁷, S. Lai³³, S. Lami⁴⁵, S. Lammel¹⁷, M. Lancaster³⁰, R. L. Lander⁷, K. Lannon³⁸, A. Lath⁵¹, G. Latino⁴⁵, I. Lazzizzera⁴², T. LeCompte², J. Lee⁴⁸, J. Lee²⁷, Y. J. Lee²⁷, S. W. Lee^52,a, R. Lefèvre²⁰, N. Leonardo³², S. Leone⁴⁵, S. Levy¹³, J. D. Lewis¹⁷, C. Lin⁵⁹, C. S. Lin²⁸, J. Linacre⁴¹, M. Lindgren¹⁷, E. Lipeles⁹, T. M. Liss²⁴, A. Lister⁷, D. O. Litvintsev¹⁷, T. Liu¹⁷, N. S. Lockyer⁴⁴, A. Loginov⁵⁹, M. Loreti⁴², L. Lovas¹⁴, R.-S. Lu¹, D. Lucchesi⁴², J. Lueck²⁶, C. Luci⁵⁰, P. Lujan²⁸, P. Lukens¹⁷, G. Lungu¹⁸, L. Lyons⁴¹, J. Lys²⁸, R. Lysak¹⁴, E. Lytken⁴⁷, P. Mack²⁶, D. MacQueen³³, R. Madrak¹⁷, K. Maeshima¹⁷, K. Makhoul³², T. Maki²³, P. Maksimovic²⁵, S. Malde⁴¹, S. Malik³⁰, G. Manca²⁹, M. L. Mangano^17,b, A. Manousakis^15,††, F. Margaroli⁴⁷, C. Marino²⁶, C. P. Marino²⁴, A. Martin⁵⁹, M. Martin²⁵, V. Martin^21,c, M. Martínez³, R. Martínez-Ballarín³¹, T. Maruyama⁵⁴, P. Mastrandrea⁵⁰, T. Masubuchi⁵⁴, M. E. Mattson⁵⁷, P. Mazzanti⁵, K. S. McFarland⁴⁸, P. McIntyre⁵², R. McNulty^29,d, A. Mehta²⁹, P. Mehtala²³, S. Menzemer^11,e, A. Menzione⁴⁵, P. Merkel⁴⁷, C. Mesropian⁴⁹, A. Messina³⁵, T. Miao¹⁷, N. Miladinovic⁶, J. Miles³², R. Miller³⁵, C. Mills²², M. Milnik²⁶, A. Mitra¹, G. Mitselmakher¹⁸, H. Miyake⁵⁴, S. Moed²², N. Moggi⁵, C. S. Moon²⁷, R. Moore¹⁷, M. Morello⁴⁵, P. Movilla Fernandez²⁸, J. Mülmenstädt²⁸, A. Mukherjee¹⁷, Th. Muller²⁶, R. Mumford²⁵, P. Murat¹⁷, M. Mussini⁵, J. Nachtman¹⁷, Y. Nagai⁵⁴, A. Nagano⁵⁴, J. Naganoma⁵⁶, K. Nakamura⁵⁴, I. Nakano³⁹, A. Napier⁵⁵, V. Necula¹⁶, C. Neu⁴⁴, M. S. Neubauer²⁴, J. Nielsen^28,f, L. Nodulman², M. Norman⁹, O. Norniella²⁴, E. Nurse³⁰, S. H. Oh¹⁶, Y. D. Oh²⁷, I. Oksuzian¹⁸, T. Okusawa⁴⁰, R. Oldeman²⁹, R. Orava²³, K. Osterberg²³, S. Pagan Griso⁴², C. Pagliarone⁴⁵, E. Palencia¹⁷, V. Papadimitriou¹⁷, A. Papaikonomou²⁶, A. A. Paramonov¹³, B. Parks³⁸, S. Pashapour³³, J. Patrick¹⁷, G. Pauletta⁵³, M. Paulini¹², C. Paus³², D. E. Pellett⁷, A. Penzo⁵³, T. J. Phillips¹⁶, G. Piacentino⁴⁵, J. Piedra⁴³, L. Pinera¹⁸, K. Pitts²⁴, C. Plager⁸, L. Pondrom⁵⁸, X. Portell³, O. Poukhov¹⁵, N. Pounder⁴¹, F. Prakoshyn¹⁵, A. Pronko¹⁷, J. Proudfoot², F. Ptohos^17,g, G. Punzi⁴⁵, J. Pursley⁵⁸, J. Rademacker^41,‡‡, A. Rahaman⁴⁶, V. Ramakrishnan⁵⁸, N. Ranjan⁴⁷, I. Redondo³¹, B. Reisert¹⁷, V. Rekovic³⁶, P. Renton⁴¹, M. Rescigno⁵⁰, S. Richter²⁶, F. Rimondi⁵, L. Ristori⁴⁵, A. Robson²¹, T. Rodrigo¹¹, E. Rogers²⁴, S. Rolli⁵⁵, R. Roser¹⁷, M. Rossi⁵³, R. Rossin¹⁰, P. Roy³³, A. Ruiz¹¹, J. Russ¹², V. Rusu¹⁷, H. Saarikko²³, A. Safonov⁵², W. K. Sakumoto⁴⁸, G. Salamanna⁵⁰, O. Saltó³, L. Santi⁵³, S. Sarkar⁵⁰, L. Sartori⁴⁵, K. Sato¹⁷, A. Savoy-Navarro⁴³, T. Scheidle²⁶, P. Schlabach¹⁷, E. E. Schmidt¹⁷, M. A. Schmidt¹³, M. P. Schmidt⁵⁹, M. Schmitt³⁷, T. Schwarz⁷, L. Scodellaro¹¹, A. L. Scott¹⁰, A. Scribano⁴⁵, F. Scuri⁴⁵, A. Sedov⁴⁷, S. Seidel³⁶, Y. Seiya⁴⁰, A. Semenov¹⁵, L. Sexton-Kennedy¹⁷, A. Sfyria²⁰, S. Z. Shalhout⁵⁷, M. D. Shapiro²⁸, T. Shears²⁹, P. F. Shepard⁴⁶, D. Sherman²², M. Shimojima^54,h, M. Shochet¹³, Y. Shon⁵⁸, I. Shreyber²⁰, A. Sidoti⁴⁵, P. Sinervo³³, A. Sisakyan¹⁵, A. J. Slaughter¹⁷, J. Slaunwhite³⁸, K. Sliwa⁵⁵, J. R. Smith⁷, F. D. Snider¹⁷, R. Snihur³³, M. Soderberg³⁴, A. Soha⁷, S. Somalwar⁵¹, V. Sorin³⁵, J. Spalding¹⁷, F. Spinella⁴⁵, T. Spreitzer³³, P. Squillacioti⁴⁵, M. Stanitzki⁵⁹, R. St. Denis²¹, B. Stelzer⁸, O. Stelzer-Chilton⁴¹, D. Stentz³⁷, J. Strologas³⁶, D. Stuart¹⁰, J. S. Suh²⁷, A. Sukhanov¹⁸, H. Sun⁵⁵, I. Suslov¹⁵, T. Suzuki⁵⁴, A. Taffard^24,i, R. Takashima³⁹, Y. Takeuchi⁵⁴, R. Tanaka³⁹, M. Tecchio³⁴, P. K. Teng¹, K. Terashi⁴⁹, J. Thom^17,j, A. S. Thompson²¹, G. A. Thompson²⁴, E. Thomson⁴⁴, P. Tipton⁵⁹, V. Tiwari¹², S. Tkaczyk¹⁷, D. Toback⁵², S. Tokar¹⁴, K. Tollefson³⁵, T. Tomura⁵⁴, D. Tonelli¹⁷, S. Torre¹⁹, D. Torretta¹⁷, S. Tourneur⁴³, W. Trischuk³³, Y. Tu⁴⁴, N. Turini⁴⁵, F. Ukegawa⁵⁴, S. Uozumi⁵⁴, S. Vallecorsa²⁰, N. van Remortel²³, A. Varganov³⁴, E. Vataga³⁶, F. Vázquez^18,†, G. Velev¹⁷, C. Vellidis^45,††, V. Veszpremi⁴⁷, M. Vidal³¹, R. Vidal¹⁷, I. Vila¹¹, R. Vilar¹¹, T. Vine³⁰, M. Vogel³⁶, I. Volobouev^28,a, G. Volpi⁴⁵, F. Würthwein⁹, P. Wagner⁴⁴, R. G. Wagner², R. L. Wagner¹⁷, J. Wagner-Kuhr²⁶, W. Wagner²⁶, T. Wakisaka⁴⁰, R. Wallny⁸, S. M. Wang¹, A. Warburton³³, D. Waters³⁰, M. Weinberger⁵², W. C. Wester, III¹⁷, B. Whitehouse⁵⁵, D. Whiteson^44,i, A. B. Wicklund², E. Wicklund¹⁷, G. Williams³³, H. H. Williams⁴⁴, P. Wilson¹⁷, B. L. Winer³⁸, P. Wittich^17,j, S. Wolbers¹⁷, C. Wolfe¹³, T. Wright³⁴, X. Wu²⁰, S. M. Wynne²⁹, A. Yagil⁹, K. Yamamoto⁴⁰, J. Yamaoka⁵¹, T. Yamashita³⁹, C. Yang⁵⁹, U. K. Yang^13,k, Y. C. Yang²⁷, W. M. Yao²⁸, G. P. Yeh¹⁷, J. Yoh¹⁷, K. Yorita¹³, T. Yoshida⁴⁰, G. B. Yu⁴⁸, I. Yu²⁷, S. S. Yu¹⁷, J. C. Yun¹⁷, L. Zanello⁵⁰, A. Zanetti⁵³, I. Zaw²², X. Zhang²⁴, Y. Zheng^8,l, and S. Zucchelli⁵ (CDF Collaboration)
¹Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
²Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
³Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁴Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
⁵Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
⁶Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA
⁷University of California–Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
⁸University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
⁹University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
¹⁰University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
¹¹Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
¹²Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
¹³Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
¹⁴Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
¹⁵Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
¹⁶Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
¹⁷Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
¹⁸University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
¹⁹Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
²⁰University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
²¹Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
²²Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
²³Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
²⁴University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
²⁵The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
²⁶Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Universität Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
²⁷Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
²⁸Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
²⁹University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
³⁰University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
³¹Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
³²Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
³³Institute of Particle Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 2T8; and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A7
³⁴University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
³⁵Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
³⁶University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
³⁷Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
³⁸The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
³⁹Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
⁴⁰Osaka City University, Osaka 588, Japan
⁴¹University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
⁴²Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova-Trento, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁴³LPNHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie/IN2P3-CNRS, UMR7585, Paris, F-75252 France
⁴⁴University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
⁴⁵Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, Universities of Pisa, Siena and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
⁴⁶University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
⁴⁷Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
⁴⁸University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
⁴⁹The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
⁵⁰Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁵¹Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
⁵²Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
⁵³Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Trieste/Udine, Italy
⁵⁴University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
⁵⁵Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
⁵⁶Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
⁵⁷Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
⁵⁸University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
⁵⁹Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

^*Visiting scientist from IFIC(CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), 46071 Valencia, Spain.

^†Visiting scientist from Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico D.F., Mexico.

^‡Visiting scientist from Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.

^§Visiting scientist from University de Oviedo, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain.

^**Visiting scientist from University Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

^††Visiting scientist from University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.

^‡‡Visiting scientist from University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.

^aVisiting scientist from Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.

^bVisiting scientist from European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland.

^cVisiting scientist from University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom.

^dVisiting scientist from University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

^eVisiting scientist from University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

^fVisiting scientist from University of California–Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

^gVisiting scientist from University of Cyprus, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus.

^hVisiting scientist from Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan.

ⁱVisiting scientist from University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

^jVisiting scientist from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

^kVisiting scientist from University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.

^lVisiting scientist from Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China.