Phys. Rev. Lett.
101,
111802
(2008)
[7 pages]
Search for Long-Lived Particles Decaying into Electron or Photon Pairs with the D0 Detector
V. M. Abazov et al. D0 Collaboration
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V. M. Abazov36, B. Abbott75, M. Abolins65, B. S. Acharya29, M. Adams51, T. Adams49, E. Aguilo6, M. Ahsan59, G. D. Alexeev36, G. Alkhazov40, A. Alton64,*, G. Alverson63, G. A. Alves2, M. Anastasoaie35, L. S. Ancu35, T. Andeen53, B. Andrieu17, M. S. Anzelc53, M. Aoki50, Y. Arnoud14, M. Arov60, M. Arthaud18, A. Askew49, B. Åsman41, A. C. S. Assis Jesus3, O. Atramentov49, C. Avila8, F. Badaud13, L. Bagby50, B. Baldin50, D. V. Bandurin59, P. Banerjee29, S. Banerjee29, E. Barberis63, A.-F. Barfuss15, P. Bargassa80, P. Baringer58, J. Barreto2, J. F. Bartlett50, U. Bassler18, D. Bauer43, S. Beale6, A. Bean58, M. Begalli3, M. Begel73, C. Belanger-Champagne41, L. Bellantoni50, A. Bellavance50, J. A. Benitez65, S. B. Beri27, G. Bernardi17, R. Bernhard23, I. Bertram42, M. Besançon18, R. Beuselinck43, V. A. Bezzubov39, P. C. Bhat50, V. Bhatnagar27, C. Biscarat20, G. Blazey52, F. Blekman43, S. Blessing49, K. Bloom67, A. Boehnlein50, D. Boline62, T. A. Bolton59, E. E. Boos38, G. Borissov42, T. Bose77, A. Brandt78, R. Brock65, G. Brooijmans70, A. Bross50, D. Brown81, X. B. Bu7, N. J. Buchanan49, D. Buchholz53, M. Buehler81, V. Buescher22, V. Bunichev38, S. Burdin42,†, T. H. Burnett82, C. P. Buszello43, J. M. Butler62, P. Calfayan25, S. Calvet16, J. Cammin71, E. Carrera49, W. Carvalho3, B. C. K. Casey50, H. Castilla-Valdez33, S. Chakrabarti18, D. Chakraborty52, K. M. Chan55, A. Chandra48, E. Cheu45, F. Chevallier14, D. K. Cho62, S. Choi32, B. Choudhary28, L. Christofek77, T. Christoudias43, S. Cihangir50, D. Claes67, J. Clutter58, M. Cooke50, W. E. Cooper50, M. Corcoran80, F. Couderc18, M.-C. Cousinou15, S. Crépé-Renaudin14, V. Cuplov59, D. Cutts77, M. Ćwiok30, H. da Motta2, A. Das45, G. Davies43, K. De78, S. J. de Jong35, E. De La Cruz-Burelo33, C. De Oliveira Martins3, K. DeVaughan67, J. D. Degenhardt64, F. Déliot18, M. Demarteau50, R. Demina71, D. Denisov50, S. P. Denisov39, S. Desai50, H. T. Diehl50, M. Diesburg50, A. Dominguez67, H. Dong72, T. Dorland82, A. Dubey28, L. V. Dudko38, L. Duflot16, S. R. Dugad29, D. Duggan49, A. Duperrin15, J. Dyer65, A. Dyshkant52, M. Eads67, D. Edmunds65, J. Ellison48, V. D. Elvira50, Y. Enari77, S. Eno61, P. Ermolov38,‡‡, H. Evans54, A. Evdokimov73, V. N. Evdokimov39, A. V. Ferapontov59, T. Ferbel71, F. Fiedler24, F. Filthaut35, W. Fisher50, H. E. Fisk50, M. Fortner52, H. Fox42, S. Fu50, S. Fuess50, T. Gadfort70, C. F. Galea35, C. Garcia71, A. Garcia-Bellido71, V. Gavrilov37, P. Gay13, W. Geist19, W. Geng15,65, C. E. Gerber51, Y. Gershtein49, D. Gillberg6, G. Ginther71, N. Gollub41, B. Gómez8, A. Goussiou82, P. D. Grannis72, H. Greenlee50, Z. D. Greenwood60, E. M. Gregores4, G. Grenier20, Ph. Gris13, J.-F. Grivaz16, A. Grohsjean25, S. Grünendahl50, M. W. Grünewald30, F. Guo72, J. Guo72, G. Gutierrez50, P. Gutierrez75, A. Haas70, N. J. Hadley61, P. Haefner25, S. Hagopian49, J. Haley68, I. Hall65, R. E. Hall47, L. Han7, K. Harder44, A. Harel71, J. M. Hauptman57, J. Hays43, T. Hebbeker21, D. Hedin52, J. G. Hegeman34, A. P. Heinson48, U. Heintz62, C. Hensel22,§, K. Herner72, G. Hesketh63, M. D. Hildreth55, R. Hirosky81, J. D. Hobbs72, B. Hoeneisen12, H. Hoeth26, M. Hohlfeld22, S. Hossain75, P. Houben34, Y. Hu72, Z. Hubacek10, V. Hynek9, I. Iashvili69, R. Illingworth50, A. S. Ito50, S. Jabeen62, M. Jaffré16, S. Jain75, K. Jakobs23, C. Jarvis61, R. Jesik43, K. Johns45, C. Johnson70, M. Johnson50, D. Johnston67, A. Jonckheere50, P. Jonsson43, A. Juste50, E. Kajfasz15, J. M. Kalk60, D. Karmanov38, P. A. Kasper50, I. Katsanos70, D. Kau49, V. Kaushik78, R. Kehoe79, S. Kermiche15, N. Khalatyan50, A. Khanov76, A. Kharchilava69, Y. M. Kharzheev36, D. Khatidze70, T. J. Kim31, M. H. Kirby53, M. Kirsch21, B. Klima50, J. M. Kohli27, J.-P. Konrath23, A. V. Kozelov39, J. Kraus65, T. Kuhl24, A. Kumar69, A. Kupco11, T. Kurča20, V. A. Kuzmin38, J. Kvita9, F. Lacroix13, D. Lam55, S. Lammers70, G. Landsberg77, P. Lebrun20, W. M. Lee50, A. Leflat38, J. Lellouch17, J. Li78,‡‡, L. Li48, Q. Z. Li50, S. M. Lietti5, J. K. Lim31, J. G. R. Lima52, D. Lincoln50, J. Linnemann65, V. V. Lipaev39, R. Lipton50, Y. Liu7, Z. Liu6, A. Lobodenko40, M. Lokajicek11, P. Love42, H. J. Lubatti82, R. Luna3, A. L. Lyon50, A. K. A. Maciel2, D. Mackin80, R. J. Madaras46, P. Mättig26, C. Magass21, A. Magerkurth64, P. K. Mal82, H. B. Malbouisson3, S. Malik67, V. L. Malyshev36, Y. Maravin59, B. Martin14, R. McCarthy72, A. Melnitchouk66, L. Mendoza8, P. G. Mercadante5, M. Merkin38, K. W. Merritt50, A. Meyer21, J. Meyer22,§, J. Mitrevski70, R. K. Mommsen44, N. K. Mondal29, R. W. Moore6, T. Moulik58, G. S. Muanza20, M. Mulhearn70, O. Mundal22, L. Mundim3, E. Nagy15, M. Naimuddin50, M. Narain77, N. A. Naumann35, H. A. Neal64, J. P. Negret8, P. Neustroev40, H. Nilsen23, H. Nogima3, S. F. Novaes5, T. Nunnemann25, V. O’Dell50, D. C. O’Neil6, G. Obrant40, C. Ochando16, D. Onoprienko59, N. Oshima50, N. Osman43, J. Osta55, R. Otec10, G. J. Otero y Garzón50, M. Owen44, P. Padley80, M. Pangilinan77, N. Parashar56, S.-J. Park22,§, S. K. Park31, J. Parsons70, R. Partridge77, N. Parua54, A. Patwa73, G. Pawloski80, B. Penning23, M. Perfilov38, K. Peters44, Y. Peters26, P. Pétroff16, M. Petteni43, R. Piegaia1, J. Piper65, M.-A. Pleier22, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma33,‡, V. M. Podstavkov50, Y. Pogorelov55, M.-E. Pol2, P. Polozov37, B. G. Pope65, A. V. Popov39, C. Potter6, W. L. Prado da Silva3, H. B. Prosper49, S. Protopopescu73, J. Qian64, A. Quadt22,§, B. Quinn66, A. Rakitine42, M. S. Rangel2, K. Ranjan28, P. N. Ratoff42, P. Renkel79, P. Rich44, J. Rieger54, M. Rijssenbeek72, I. Ripp-Baudot19, F. Rizatdinova76, S. Robinson43, R. F. Rodrigues3, M. Rominsky75, C. Royon18, P. Rubinov50, R. Ruchti55, G. Safronov37, G. Sajot14, A. Sánchez-Hernández33, M. P. Sanders17, B. Sanghi50, G. Savage50, L. Sawyer60, T. Scanlon43, D. Schaile25, R. D. Schamberger72, Y. Scheglov40, H. Schellman53, T. Schliephake26, S. Schlobohm82, C. Schwanenberger44, A. Schwartzman68, R. Schwienhorst65, J. Sekaric49, H. Severini75, E. Shabalina51, M. Shamim59, V. Shary18, A. A. Shchukin39, R. K. Shivpuri28, V. Siccardi19, V. Simak10, V. Sirotenko50, P. Skubic75, P. Slattery71, D. Smirnov55, G. R. Snow67, J. Snow74, S. Snyder73, S. Söldner-Rembold44, L. Sonnenschein17, A. Sopczak42, M. Sosebee78, K. Soustruznik9, B. Spurlock78, J. Stark14, J. Steele60, V. Stolin37, D. A. Stoyanova39, J. Strandberg64, S. Strandberg41, M. A. Strang69, E. Strauss72, M. Strauss75, R. Ströhmer25, D. Strom53, L. Stutte50, S. Sumowidagdo49, P. Svoisky55, A. Sznajder3, P. Tamburello45, A. Tanasijczuk1, W. Taylor6, B. Tiller25, F. Tissandier13, M. Titov18, V. V. Tokmenin36, I. Torchiani23, D. Tsybychev72, B. Tuchming18, C. Tully68, P. M. Tuts70, R. Unalan65, L. Uvarov40, S. Uvarov40, S. Uzunyan52, B. Vachon6, P. J. van den Berg34, R. Van Kooten54, W. M. van Leeuwen34, N. Varelas51, E. W. Varnes45, I. A. Vasilyev39, P. Verdier20, L. S. Vertogradov36, M. Verzocchi50, D. Vilanova18, F. Villeneuve-Seguier43, P. Vint43, P. Vokac10, M. Voutilainen67,**, R. Wagner68, H. D. Wahl49, M. H. L. S. Wang50, J. Warchol55, G. Watts82, M. Wayne55, G. Weber24, M. Weber50,††, L. Welty-Rieger54, A. Wenger23,a, N. Wermes22, M. Wetstein61, A. White78, D. Wicke26, M. Williams42, G. W. Wilson58, S. J. Wimpenny48, M. Wobisch60, D. R. Wood63, T. R. Wyatt44, Y. Xie77, S. Yacoob53, R. Yamada50, W. -C. Yang44, T. Yasuda50, Y. A. Yatsunenko36, H. Yin7, K. Yip73, H. D. Yoo77, S. W. Youn53, J. Yu78, C. Zeitnitz26, S. Zelitch81, T. Zhao82, B. Zhou64, J. Zhu72, M. Zielinski71, D. Zieminska54, A. Zieminski54,‡‡, L. Zivkovic70, V. Zutshi52, and E. G. Zverev38 (D0 Collaboration)
1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
5Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
6University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
7University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
8Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
9Center for Particle Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
10Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
11Center for Particle Physics, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
12Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
13LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, France
14LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Gremoble, France
15CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
16LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, Orsay, France
17LPNHE, IN2P3/CNRS, Universités Paris VI and VII, Paris, France
18DAPNIA/Service de Physique des Particules, CEA, Irfu, SPP, Saclay, France
19IPHC, Université Louis Pasteur , CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
20IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
21III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
22Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
23Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
24Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
25Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
26Fachbereich Physik, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
27Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
28Delhi University, Delhi, India
29Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
30University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
31Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
32SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Korea
33CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
34FOM-Institute NIKHEF and University of Amsterdam/NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
35Radboud University Nijmegen/NIKHEF, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
36Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
37Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
38Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
39Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
40Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
41Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
42Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
43Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
44University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
45University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
46Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
47California State University, Fresno, California 93740, USA
48University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
49Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
50Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
51University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
52Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
53Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
54Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
55University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
56Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, USA
57Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
58University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
59Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
60Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
61University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
62Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
63Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
64University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
65Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
66University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
67University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
68Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
69State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
70Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
71University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
72State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
73Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
74Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050, USA
75University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
76Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
77Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
78University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
79Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
80Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
81University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
82University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Received 16 June 2008; published 12 September 2008
In this Letter we report on a search for long-lived particles that decay into final states with two electrons or photons. Such long-lived particles arise in a variety of theoretical models, such as hidden valleys and supersymmetry with gauge-mediated breaking. By precisely reconstructing the direction of the electromagnetic shower we are able to probe much longer lifetimes than previously explored. We see no evidence of the existence of such long-lived particles and interpret this search as a quasi model-independent limit on their production cross section, as well as a limit on a long-lived fourth generation quark.
© 2008 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.111802
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.111802
PACS:
13.85.Qk, 13.85.Rm, 14.65.−q, 14.80.−j
*Visitor from Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. †Visitor from The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. ‡Visitor from ECFM, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Culiacàn, Mexico. §Visitor from II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. **Visitor from Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland. ††Visitor from Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ‡‡Deceased. aVisitor from Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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