Phys. Rev. Lett.
102,
112301
(2009)
[7 pages]
Observation of Two-Source Interference in the Photoproduction Reaction AuAu→AuAuρ0
B. I. Abelev et al. STAR Collaboration
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B. I. Abelev9, M. M. Aggarwal31, Z. Ahammed47, B. D. Anderson19, D. Arkhipkin13, G. S. Averichev12, Y. Bai28, J. Balewski23, O. Barannikova9, L. S. Barnby2, J. Baudot17, S. Baumgart52, D. R. Beavis3, R. Bellwied50, F. Benedosso28, M. J. Betancourt23, R. R. Betts9, S. Bhardwaj36, A. Bhasin18, A. K. Bhati31, H. Bichsel49, J. Bielcik11, J. Bielcikova11, B. Biritz6, L. C. Bland3, M. Bombara2, B. E. Bonner37, M. Botje28, J. Bouchet19, E. Braidot28, A. V. Brandin26, E. Bruna52, S. Bueltmann30, T. P. Burton2, M. Bystersky11, X. Z. Cai40, H. Caines52, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez5, J. Callner9, O. Catu52, D. Cebra5, R. Cendejas6, M. C. Cervantes42, Z. Chajecki29, P. Chaloupka11, S. Chattopadhyay47, H. F. Chen39, J. H. Chen40, J. Y. Chen51, J. Cheng44, M. Cherney10, A. Chikanian52, K. E. Choi35, W. Christie3, S. U. Chung3, R. F. Clarke42, M. J. M. Codrington42, J. P. Coffin17, R. Corliss23, T. M. Cormier50, M. R. Cosentino38, J. G. Cramer49, H. J. Crawford4, D. Das5, S. Dash14, M. Daugherity43, C. De Silva50, T. G. Dedovich12, M. DePhillips3, A. A. Derevschikov33, R. Derradi de Souza7, L. Didenko3, P. Djawotho42, S. M. Dogra18, X. Dong22, J. L. Drachenberg42, J. E. Draper5, F. Du52, J. C. Dunlop3, M. R. Dutta Mazumdar47, W. R. Edwards22, L. G. Efimov12, E. Elhalhuli2, M. Elnimr50, V. Emelianov26, J. Engelage4, G. Eppley37, B. Erazmus41, M. Estienne17, L. Eun32, P. Fachini3, R. Fatemi20, J. Fedorisin12, A. Feng51, P. Filip13, E. Finch52, V. Fine3, Y. Fisyak3, C. A. Gagliardi42, L. Gaillard2, D. R. Gangadharan6, M. S. Ganti47, E. Garcia-Solis9, V. Ghazikhanian6, P. Ghosh47, Y. N. Gorbunov10, A. Gordon3, O. Grebenyuk22, D. Grosnick46, B. Grube35, S. M. Guertin6, K. S. F. F. Guimaraes38, A. Gupta18, N. Gupta18, W. Guryn3, B. Haag5, T. J. Hallman3, A. Hamed42, J. W. Harris52, W. He16, M. Heinz52, S. Heppelmann32, B. Hippolyte17, A. Hirsch34, E. Hjort22, A. M. Hoffman23, G. W. Hoffmann43, D. J. Hofman9, R. S. Hollis9, H. Z. Huang6, T. J. Humanic29, G. Igo6, A. Iordanova9, P. Jacobs22, W. W. Jacobs16, P. Jakl11, F. Jin40, C. L. Jones23, P. G. Jones2, J. Joseph19, E. G. Judd4, S. Kabana41, K. Kajimoto43, K. Kang44, J. Kapitan11, M. Kaplan8, D. Keane19, A. Kechechyan12, D. Kettler49, V. Yu. Khodyrev33, D. P. Kikola22, J. Kiryluk22, A. Kisiel29, S. R. Klein22, A. G. Knospe52, A. Kocoloski23, D. D. Koetke46, M. Kopytine19, L. Kotchenda26, V. Kouchpil11, P. Kravtsov26, V. I. Kravtsov33, K. Krueger1, M. Krus11, C. Kuhn17, L. Kumar31, P. Kurnadi6, M. A. C. Lamont3, J. M. Landgraf3, S. LaPointe50, J. Lauret3, A. Lebedev3, R. Lednicky13, C-H. Lee35, W. Leight23, M. J. LeVine3, C. Li38, N. Li51, Y. Li44, G. Lin52, S. J. Lindenbaum27, M. A. Lisa29, F. Liu51, H. Liu5, J. Liu37, L. Liu51, T. Ljubicic3, W. J. Llope37, R. S. Longacre3, W. A. Love3, Y. Lu39, T. Ludlam3, D. Lynn3, G. L. Ma40, Y. G. Ma40, D. P. Mahapatra14, R. Majka52, O. I. Mall5, L. K. Mangotra18, R. Manweiler46, S. Margetis19, C. Markert43, H. S. Matis22, Yu. A. Matulenko33, T. S. McShane10, A. Meschanin33, R. Milner23, N. G. Minaev33, S. Mioduszewski42, A. Mischke28, J. Mitchell37, B. Mohanty47, D. A. Morozov33, M. G. Munhoz38, B. K. Nandi15, C. Nattrass52, T. K. Nayak47, J. M. Nelson2, C. Nepali19, P. K. Netrakanti34, M. J. Ng4, L. V. Nogach33, S. B. Nurushev33, G. Odyniec22, A. Ogawa3, H. Okada3, V. Okorokov26, D. Olson22, M. Pachr11, B. S. Page16, S. K. Pal47, Y. Pandit19, Y. Panebratsev12, T. Pawlak48, T. Peitzmann28, V. Perevoztchikov3, C. Perkins4, W. Peryt48, S. C. Phatak14, M. Planinic53, J. Pluta48, N. Poljak53, A. M. Poskanzer22, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi18, D. Prindle49, C. Pruneau50, N. K. Pruthi31, J. Putschke52, R. Raniwala36, S. Raniwala36, R. L. Ray43, R. Redwine23, R. Reed5, A. Ridiger26, H. G. Ritter22, J. B. Roberts37, O. V. Rogachevskiy12, J. L. Romero5, A. Rose22, C. Roy41, L. Ruan3, M. J. Russcher28, V. Rykov19, R. Sahoo41, I. Sakrejda22, T. Sakuma23, S. Salur22, J. Sandweiss52, M. Sarsour42, J. Schambach43, R. P. Scharenberg34, N. Schmitz24, J. Seger10, I. Selyuzhenkov16, P. Seyboth24, A. Shabetai17, E. Shahaliev12, M. Shao39, M. Sharma50, S. S. Shi51, X-H. Shi40, E. P. Sichtermann22, F. Simon24, R. N. Singaraju47, M. J. Skoby34, N. Smirnov52, R. Snellings28, P. Sorensen3, J. Sowinski16, H. M. Spinka1, B. Srivastava34, A. Stadnik12, T. D. S. Stanislaus46, D. Staszak6, M. Strikhanov26, B. Stringfellow34, A. A. P. Suaide38, M. C. Suarez9, N. L. Subba19, M. Sumbera11, X. M. Sun22, Y. Sun39, Z. Sun21, B. Surrow23, T. J. M. Symons22, A. Szanto de Toledo38, J. Takahashi7, A. H. Tang3, Z. Tang39, T. Tarnowsky34, D. Thein43, J. H. Thomas22, J. Tian40, A. R. Timmins2, S. Timoshenko26, D. Tlusty11, M. Tokarev12, T. A. Trainor49, V. N. Tram22, A. L. Trattner4, S. Trentalange6, R. E. Tribble42, O. D. Tsai6, J. Ulery34, T. Ullrich3, D. G. Underwood1, G. Van Buren3, M. van Leeuwen28, A. M. Vander Molen25, J. A. Vanfossen, Jr.19, R. Varma15, G. M. S. Vasconcelos7, I. M. Vasilevski13, A. N. Vasiliev33, F. Videbaek3, S. E. Vigdor16, Y. P. Viyogi14, S. Vokal12, S. A. Voloshin50, M. Wada43, W. T. Waggoner10, M. Walker23, F. Wang34, G. Wang6, J. S. Wang21, Q. Wang34, X. Wang44, X. L. Wang39, Y. Wang44, J. C. Webb46, G. D. Westfall25, C. Whitten, Jr.6, H. Wieman22, S. W. Wissink16, R. Witt45, Y. Wu51, W. Xie34, N. Xu22, Q. H. Xu22, Y. Xu39, Z. Xu3, P. Yepes37, I-K. Yoo35, Q. Yue44, M. Zawisza48, H. Zbroszczyk48, W. Zhan21, H. Zhang3, S. Zhang40, W. M. Zhang19, Y. Zhang39, Z. P. Zhang39, Y. Zhao39, C. Zhong40, J. Zhou37, R. Zoulkarneev13, Y. Zoulkarneeva13, and J. X. Zuo40 (STAR Collaboration)
1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
2University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
3Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
4University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
5University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
6University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
7Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
8Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
9University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
10Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
11Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic
12Laboratory for High Energy (JINR), Dubna, Russia
13Particle Physics Laboratory (JINR), Dubna, Russia
14Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
15Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
16Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
17Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, Strasbourg, France
18University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
19Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
20University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0055, USA
21Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China
22Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
23Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
24Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
25Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
26Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
27City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
28NIKHEF and Utrecht University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
29Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
30Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, USA
31Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
32Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
33Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
34Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
35Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
36University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
37Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
38Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
39University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
40Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
41SUBATECH, Nantes, France
42Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
43University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
44Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
45United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
46Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA
47Variable Energy Cyclotron Center, Kolkata 700064, India
48Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
49University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
50Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
51Institute of Particle Physics, CCNU (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China
52Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
53University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10002, Croatia
Received 4 December 2008; published 16 March 2009
In ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a photon from the electromagnetic field of one nucleus can fluctuate to a quark-antiquark pair and scatter from the other nucleus, emerging as a ρ0. The ρ0 production occurs in two well-separated (median impact parameters of 20 and 40 F for the cases considered here) nuclei, so the system forms a two-source interferometer. At low transverse momenta, the two amplitudes interfere destructively, suppressing ρ0 production. Since the ρ0 decays before the production amplitudes from the two sources can overlap, the two-pion system can only be described with an entangled nonlocal wave function, and is thus an example of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. We observe this suppression in 200 GeV per nucleon-pair gold-gold collisions. The interference is 87%±5%(stat.)±8%(syst.) of the expected level. This translates into a limit on decoherence due to wave function collapse or other factors of 23% at the 90% confidence level.
© 2009 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.112301
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.112301
PACS:
25.75.Cj, 03.75.−b, 13.60.Le, 25.20.Lj
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