Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 209–212 (1974)Self-Modulation and Self-Focusing of Electromagnetic Waves in PlasmasReceived 22 April 1974; published in the issue dated 22 July 1974 The nonlinear frequency shift of a strong electromagnetic wave in a plasma, due to weak relativistic effects and the v⃗×B⃗ force, can cause modulation and self-focusing instabilities. These processes are explored, and their relation to self-focusing driven by the ponderomotive force is described. © 1974 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.209
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.209
PACS:
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