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Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 134–137 (1983)

Chaos in the Mixmaster Universe

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David F. Chernoff
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

John D. Barrow
Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom

Received 26 October 1982; published in the issue dated 10 January 1983

A four-dimensional system of nonlinear difference equations describing the evolution of the general relativistic "mixmaster" cosmological model is studied. The evolution splits into two parts: one given by a (chaotic) generalized Baker's transformation and the other by a (systematic) change of scales. The chaotic degrees of freedom are studied in detail: Their evolution may be described by a two-sided shift and the invariant measure for these variables is found. Strong ergodic properties (mixing, nonzero entropy) are deduced.

© 1983 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.134
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.134
PACS:
98.80.Dr