Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 44–46 (1989)Instability in a Sand HeapReceived 25 July 1988; published in the issue dated 2 January 1989 When a bead heap is submitted to low-frequency (ω/2π=10-1000 Hz) vertical vibrations at a large enough amplitude a, its horizontal free surface becomes unstable and a stationary state is reached. This one is characterized firstly by a free surface which is inclined within an angle θ to the horizontal, secondly by a continuous flow of particles rolling down the free surface, and thirdly by a convective transport inside the material which refills the top of the heap with new beads. We demonstrate that a control parameter is the vibration acceleration γ=aω2. © 1988 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.44
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.44
PACS:
46.10.+z, 62.20.-x, 81.20.Ev, 91.60.-x
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