Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2401–2404 (1993)Probability of second law violations in shearing steady statesSee Also: Erratum Received 26 March 1993; published in the issue dated 11 October 1993 We propose a new definition of natural invariant measure for trajectory segments of finite duration for a many-particle system. On this basis we give an expression for the probability of fluctuations in the shear stress of a fluid in a nonequilibrium steady state far from equilibrium. In particular we obtain a formula for the ratio that, for a finite time, the shear stress reverse sign, violating the second law of thermodynamics. Computer simulations support this formula. © 1993 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2401
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2401
PACS:
47.10.+g, 05.20.-y
See AlsoErratum: Denis J. Evans, E. G. Cohen, and G. P. Morriss, Probability of Second Law Violations in Shearing Steady States, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3616 (1993). |
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