Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 998–1001 (1997)The Mixmaster Universe is ChaoticReceived 7 May 1996; published in the issue dated 10 February 1997 For the past decade there has been a considerable debate about the existence of chaos in the mixmaster cosmological model. The debate has been hampered by the coordinate, or observer, dependence of standard chaotic indicators such as Lyapunov exponents. Here we use coordinate-independent, fractal methods to show the mixmaster universe is indeed chaotic. © 1997 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.998
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.998
PACS:
98.80.Hw, 05.45.+b
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