Phys. Rev. Lett.
81,
1562–1567
(1998)
Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos
Y. Fukuda et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)
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Y. Fukuda1, T. Hayakawa1, E. Ichihara1, K. Inoue1, K. Ishihara1, H. Ishino1, Y. Itow1, T. Kajita1, J. Kameda1, S. Kasuga1, K. Kobayashi1, Y. Kobayashi1, Y. Koshio1, M. Miura1, M. Nakahata1, S. Nakayama1, A. Okada1, K. Okumura1, N. Sakurai1, M. Shiozawa1, Y. Suzuki1, Y. Takeuchi1, Y. Totsuka1, S. Yamada1, M. Earl2, A. Habig2, E. Kearns2, M. D. Messier2, K. Scholberg2, J. L. Stone2, L. R. Sulak2, C. W. Walter2, M. Goldhaber3, T. Barszczxak4, D. Casper4, W. Gajewski4, P. G. Halverson4,*, J. Hsu4, W. R. Kropp4, L. R. Price4, F. Reines4, M. Smy4, H. W. Sobel4, M. R. Vagins4, K. S. Ganezer5, W. E. Keig5, R. W. Ellsworth6, S. Tasaka7, J. W. Flanagan8,†, A. Kibayashi8, J. G. Learned8, S. Matsuno8, V. J. Stenger8, D. Takemori8, T. Ishii9, J. Kanzaki9, T. Kobayashi9, S. Mine9, K. Nakamura9, K. Nishikawa9, Y. Oyama9, A. Sakai9, M. Sakuda9, O. Sasaki9, S. Echigo10, M. Kohama10, A. T. Suzuki10, T. J. Haines11,4, E. Blaufuss12, B. K. Kim12, R. Sanford12, R. Svoboda12, M. L. Chen13, Z. Conner13,‡, J. A. Goodman13, G. W. Sullivan13, J. Hill14, C. K. Jung14, K. Martens14, C. Mauger14, C. McGrew14, E. Sharkey14, B. Viren14, C. Yanagisawa14, W. Doki15, K. Miyano15, H. Okazawa15, C. Saji15, M. Takahata15, Y. Nagashima16, M. Takita16, T. Yamaguchi16, M. Yoshida16, S. B. Kim17, M. Etoh18, K. Fujita18, A. Hasegawa18, T. Hasegawa18, S. Hatakeyama18, T. Iwamoto18, M. Koga18, T. Maruyama18, H. Ogawa18, J. Shirai18, A. Suzuki18, F. Tsushima18, M. Koshiba19, M. Nemoto20, K. Nishijima20, T. Futagami21, Y. Hayato21,§, Y. Kanaya21, K. Kaneyuki21, Y. Watanabe21, D. Kielczewska22,4, R. A. Doyle23, J. S. George23, A. L. Stachyra23, L. L. Wai23,**, R. J. Wilkes23, and K. K. Young23 (Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)
1Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, Japan
2Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
3Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
4Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575
5Department of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747
6Department of Physics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030
7Department of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
8Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
9Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
10Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
11Physics Division, P-23, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
12Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
13Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
14Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800
15Department of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
16Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
17Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
18Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
19The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
20Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
21Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
22Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
23Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560
 
Received 6 July 1998; published in the issue dated 24 August 1998
See accompanying
Physics
Focus
We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. Experimental biases and uncertainties in the prediction of neutrino fluxes and cross sections are unable to explain our observation. The data are consistent, however, with two-flavor νμ↔ντ oscillations with sin22θ>0.82 and 5×10-4<Δm2<6×10-3eV2 at 90% confidence level.
© 1998 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1562
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1562
*Present address: NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109. †Present address: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Accelerator Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan. ‡Present address: University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL 60637. §Present address: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan. **Present address: Stanford University, Department of Physics, Stanford, CA 94305.
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