Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 370–373 (1999)Electron Localization in the Insulating StateReceived 11 August 1998; published in the issue dated 11 January 1999 The insulating state of matter is characterized by the excitation spectrum, but also by qualitative features of the electronic ground state. The insulating ground wave function in fact (i) sustains macroscopic polarization, and (ii) is localized. We give a sharp definition of the latter concept and we show how the two basic features stem from essentially the same formalism. Our approach to localization is exemplified by means of a two-band Hubbard model in one dimension. In the noninteracting limit, the wave function localization is measured by the spread of the Wannier orbitals. © 1999 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.370
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.370
PACS:
71.10.Fd, 71.23.An
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