Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5322–5325 (1999)Sand as Maxwell's Demon
We consider a dilute gas of granular material inside a box, kept in a stationary state by vertical vibrations. A wall separates the box into two identical compartments, save for a small hole at some finite height h. As the gas is cooled, a second order phase transition occurs, in which the particles preferentially occupy one side of the box. We develop a quantitative theory of this clustering phenomenon and find good agreement with numerical simulations. © 1999 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5322
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5322
PACS:
81.05.Rm, 05.20.Dd, 05.70.Ln, 45.70.Qj
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