Phys. Rev. Lett.
90,
061101
(2003)
[5 pages]
Search for Supernova Relic Neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande
M. Malek et al. Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
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M. Malek17, M. Morii27, S. Fukuda1, Y. Fukuda1, M. Ishitsuka1, Y. Itow1, T. Kajita1, J. Kameda1, K. Kaneyuki1, K. Kobayashi1,17, Y. Koshio1, M. Miura1, S. Moriyama1, M. Nakahata1, S. Nakayama1, T. Namba1, A. Okada1, T. Ooyabu1, C. Saji1, N. Sakurai1, M. Shiozawa1, Y. Suzuki1, H. Takeuchi1, Y. Takeuchi1, Y. Totsuka1, S. Yamada1, S. Desai2, M. Earl2, E. Kearns2, M. D. Messier2, J. L. Stone2, L. R. Sulak2, C. W. Walter2, M. Goldhaber3, T. Barszczak4, D. Casper4, W. Gajewski4, W. R. Kropp4, S. Mine4, D. W. Liu4, M. B. Smy4, H. W. Sobel4, M. R. Vagins4, A. Gago5, K. S. Ganezer5, W. E. Keig5, R. W. Ellsworth6, S. Tasaka7, A. Kibayashi8, J. G. Learned8, S. Matsuno8, D. Takemori8, Y. Hayato9, T. Ishii9, T. Kobayashi9, T. Maruyama9, K. Nakamura9, Y. Obayashi9, Y. Oyama9, M. Sakuda9, M. Yoshida9, M. Kohama10, T. Iwashita10, A. T. Suzuki10, A. Ichikawa11,9, T. Inagaki11, I. Kato11, T. Nakaya11, K. Nishikawa11, T. J. Haines12,4, S. Dazeley13, S. Hatakeyama13, R. Svoboda13, E. Blaufuss14, J. A. Goodman14, G. Guillian14,8, G. W. Sullivan14, D. Turcan14, K. Scholberg15, A. Habig16, M. Ackermann17, J. Hill17,5, C. K. Jung17, K. Martens17, C. Mauger17, C. McGrew17, E. Sharkey17, B. Viren17,3, C. Yanagisawa17, T. Toshito18, C. Mitsuda19, K. Miyano19, T. Shibata19, Y. Kajiyama20, Y. Nagashima20, K. Nitta20, M. Takita20, H. I. Kim21, S. B. Kim21, J. Yoo21, H. Okazawa22, T. Ishizuka23, M. Etoh24, Y. Gando24, T. Hasegawa24, K. Inoue24, K. Ishihara24, J. Shirai24, A. Suzuki24, M. Koshiba25, Y. Hatakeyama26, Y. Ichikawa26, M. Koike26, K. Nishijima26, H. Ishino27, R. Nishimura27, Y. Watanabe27, D. Kielczewska28,4, H. G. Berns29, S. C. Boyd29, A. L. Stachyra29, and R. J. Wilkes29 (Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)
1Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
2Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
3Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
4Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575
5Department of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747
6Department of Physics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030
7Department of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
8Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
9Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
10Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
11Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
12Physics Division, P-23, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
13Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
14Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
15Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
16Department of Physics, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812-2496
17Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800
18Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
19Department of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
20Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
21Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
22International and Cultural Studies, Shizuoka Seika College, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8611, Japan
23Department of Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
24Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
25The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
26Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
27Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute for Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
28Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
29Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560
Received 15 September 2002; revised 21 October 2002; published 13 February 2003
A search for the relic neutrinos from all past core-collapse supernovae was conducted using 1496 days of data from the Super-Kamiokande detector. This analysis looked for electron-type antineutrinos that had produced a positron with an energy greater than 18 MeV. In the absence of a signal, 90% C.L. upper limits on the total flux were set for several theoretical models; these limits ranged from 20 to 130 ν̅ e cm-2 s-1. Additionally, an upper bound of 1.2 ν̅ e cm-2 s-1 was set for the supernova relic neutrino flux in the energy region Eν>19.3 MeV.
© 2003 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.061101
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.061101
PACS:
95.85.Ry, 96.40.Tv, 97.60.Bw
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