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Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 027901 (2003) [4 pages]

Classical and Quantum Communication without a Shared Reference Frame

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Stephen D. Bartlett1,*, Terry Rudolph2,†, and Robert W. Spekkens3,‡
1Department of Physics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
2Bell Labs, 600–700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA
3Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J 2W9

Received 3 March 2003; published 7 July 2003

We show that communication without a shared reference frame is possible using entangled states. Both classical and quantum information can be communicated with perfect fidelity without a shared reference frame at a rate that asymptotically approaches one classical bit or one encoded qubit per transmitted qubit. We present an optical scheme to communicate classical bits without a shared reference frame using entangled photon pairs and linear optical Bell state measurements.

© 2003 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.027901
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.027901
PACS:
03.67.Hk, 03.30.+p, 03.65.Ta, 03.65.Ud

*Electronic address: bartlett@ics.mq.edu.au

Electronic address: rudolpht@bell-labs.com

Electronic address: rspekkens@perimeterinstitute.ca