Phys. Rev. Lett.
91,
262301
(2003)
[6 pages]
Three-Pion Hanbury Brown–Twiss Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the STAR Experiment
J. Adams et al. STAR Collaboration
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J. Adams3, C. Adler11, Z. Ahammed24, C. Allgower12, J. Amonett14, B. D. Anderson14, M. Anderson5, D. Arkhipkin10, G. S. Averichev9, J. Balewski12, O. Barannikova9,24, L. S. Barnby14, J. Baudot13, S. Bekele21, V. V. Belaga9, R. Bellwied33, J. Berger11, H. Bichsel32, A. Billmeier33, L. C. Bland2, C. O. Blyth3, B. E. Bonner25, M. Botje20, A. Boucham28, A. Brandin18, A. Bravar2, R. V. Cadman1, X. Z. Cai27, H. Caines35, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez2, A. Cardenas24, J. Carroll15, J. Castillo15, M. Castro33, D. Cebra5, P. Chaloupka21, S. Chattopadhyay33, Y. Chen6, S. P. Chernenko9, M. Cherney8, A. Chikanian35, B. Choi30, W. Christie2, J. P. Coffin13, T. M. Cormier33, M. Mora Corral16, J. G. Cramer32, H. J. Crawford4, A. A. Derevschikov23, L. Didenko2, T. Dietel11, J. E. Draper5, V. B. Dunin9, J. C. Dunlop35, V. Eckardt16, L. G. Efimov9, V. Emelianov18, J. Engelage4, G. Eppley25, B. Erazmus28, P. Fachini2, V. Faine2, J. Faivre13, R. Fatemi12, K. Filimonov15, E. Finch35, Y. Fisyak2, D. Flierl11, K. J. Foley2, J. Fu15,34, C. A. Gagliardi29, N. Gagunashvili9, J. Gans35, L. Gaudichet28, M. Germain13, F. Geurts25, V. Ghazikhanian6, O. Grachov33, M. Guedon13, S. M. Guertin6, E. Gushin18, T. D. Gutierrez5, T. J. Hallman2, D. Hardtke15, J. W. Harris35, M. Heinz35, T. W. Henry29, S. Heppelmann22, T. Herston24, B. Hippolyte13, A. Hirsch24, E. Hjort15, G. W. Hoffmann30, M. Horsley35, H. Z. Huang6, T. J. Humanic21, G. Igo6, A. Ishihara30, P. Jacobs15, W. W. Jacobs12, M. Janik31, I. Johnson15, P. G. Jones3, E. G. Judd4, S. Kabana35, M. Kaneta15, M. Kaplan7, D. Keane14, J. Kiryluk6, A. Kisiel31, J. Klay15, S. R. Klein15, A. Klyachko12, T. Kollegger11, A. S. Konstantinov23, M. Kopytine14, L. Kotchenda18, A. D. Kovalenko9, M. Kramer19, P. Kravtsov18, K. Krueger1, C. Kuhn13, A. I. Kulikov9, G. J. Kunde35, C. L. Kunz7, R. Kh. Kutuev10, A. A. Kuznetsov9, M. A. C. Lamont3, J. M. Landgraf2, S. Lange11, C. P. Lansdell30, B. Lasiuk35, F. Laue2, J. Lauret2, A. Lebedev2, R. Lednický9, V. M. Leontiev23, M. J. LeVine2, Q. Li33, S. J. Lindenbaum19, M. A. Lisa21, F. Liu34, L. Liu34, Z. Liu34, Q. J. Liu32, T. Ljubicic2, W. J. Llope25, H. Long6, R. S. Longacre2, M. Lopez-Noriega21, W. A. Love2, T. Ludlam2, D. Lynn2, J. Ma6, Y. G. Ma27, D. Magestro21, R. Majka35, S. Margetis14, C. Markert35, L. Martin28, J. Marx15, H. S. Matis15, Yu. A. Matulenko23, T. S. McShane8, F. Meissner15, Yu. Melnick23, A. Meschanin23, M. Messer2, M. L. Miller35, Z. Milosevich7, N. G. Minaev23, J. Mitchell25, L. Molnar24, C. F. Moore30, V. Morozov15, M. M. de Moura33, M. G. Munhoz26, J. M. Nelson3, P. Nevski2, V. A. Nikitin10, L. V. Nogach23, B. Norman14, S. B. Nurushev23, G. Odyniec15, A. Ogawa2, V. Okorokov18, M. Oldenburg16, D. Olson15, G. Paic21, S. U. Pandey33, Y. Panebratsev9, S. Y. Panitkin2, A. I. Pavlinov33, T. Pawlak31, V. Perevoztchikov2, W. Peryt31, V. A Petrov10, R. Picha5, M. Planinic12, J. Pluta31, N. Porile24, J. Porter2, A. M. Poskanzer15, E. Potrebenikova9, D. Prindle32, C. Pruneau33, J. Putschke16, G. Rai15, G. Rakness12, O. Ravel28, R. L. Ray30, S. V. Razin9,12, D. Reichhold24, J. G. Reid32, G. Renault28, F. Retiere15, A. Ridiger18, H. G. Ritter15, J. B. Roberts25, O. V. Rogachevski9, J. L. Romero5, A. Rose33, C. Roy28, V. Rykov33, I. Sakrejda15, S. Salur35, J. Sandweiss35, I. Savin10, J. Schambach30, R. P. Scharenberg24, N. Schmitz16, L. S. Schroeder15, K. Schweda15, J. Seger8, P. Seyboth16, E. Shahaliev9, K. E. Shestermanov23, S. S. Shimanskii9, F. Simon16, G. Skoro9, N. Smirnov35, R. Snellings20, P. Sorensen6, J. Sowinski12, H. M. Spinka1, B. Srivastava24, E. J. Stephenson12, R. Stock11, A. Stolpovsky33, M. Strikhanov18, B. Stringfellow24, C. Struck11, A. A. P. Suaide33, E. Sugarbaker21, C. Suire2, M. Šumbera21, B. Surrow2, T. J. M. Symons15, A. Szanto de Toledo26, P. Szarwas31, A. Tai6, J. Takahashi26, A. H. Tang15, D. Thein6, J. H. Thomas15, M. Thompson3, S. Timoshenko18, M. Tokarev9, M. B. Tonjes17, T. A. Trainor32, S. Trentalange6, R. E. Tribble29, V. Trofimov18, O. Tsai6, T. Ullrich2, D. G. Underwood1, G. Van Buren2, A. M. Vander Molen17, A. N. Vasiliev23, S. E. Vigdor12, S. A. Voloshin33, M. Vznuzdaev18, F. Wang24, Y. Wang30, H. Ward30, J. W. Watson14, R. Wells21, G. D. Westfall17, C. Whitten, Jr.6, H. Wieman15, R. Willson21, S. W. Wissink12, R. Witt35, J. Wood6, N. Xu15, Z. Xu2, A. E. Yakutin23, E. Yamamoto15, J. Yang6, P. Yepes25, V. I. Yurevich9, Y. V. Zanevski9, I. Zborovský9, H. Zhang35, W. M. Zhang14, R. Zoulkarneev10, J. Zoulkarneeva10, and A. N. Zubarev9 (STAR Collaboration)
1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
2Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
3University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
4University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
5University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
6University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
7Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
8Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
9Laboratory for High Energy (JINR), Dubna, Russia
10Particle Physics Laboratory (JINR), Dubna, Russia
11University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
12Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
13Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, Strasbourg, France
14Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
15Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
16Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Munich, Germany
17Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48825, USA
18Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow Russia
19City College of New York, New York City, New York 10031, USA
20NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
21Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
22Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
23Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
24Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
25Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
26Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
27Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Shanghai 201800, China
28SUBATECH, Nantes, France
29Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
30University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
31Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
32University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
33Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
34Institute of Particle Physics, CCNU (HZNU), Wuhan 30079, China
35Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Received 21 June 2003; published 24 December 2003
Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at √sNN=130 GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freeze-out. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity.
© 2003 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.262301
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.262301
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