Phys. Rev. Lett.
94,
114801
(2005)
[4 pages]
Clocking Femtosecond X Rays
A. L. Cavalieri et al.
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A. L. Cavalieri1, D. M. Fritz1, S. H. Lee1, P. H. Bucksbaum1, D. A. Reis1, J. Rudati2, D. M. Mills2, P. H. Fuoss3, G. B. Stephenson3, C. C. Kao4, D. P. Siddons4, D. P. Lowney5, A. G. MacPhee5, D. Weinstein5, R. W. Falcone5, R. Pahl6, J. Als-Nielsen7, C. Blome8, S. Düsterer8, R. Ischebeck8, H. Schlarb8, H. Schulte-Schrepping8, Th. Tschentscher8, J. Schneider8, O. Hignette9, F. Sette9, K. Sokolowski-Tinten10, H. N. Chapman11, R. W. Lee11, T. N. Hansen12, O. Synnergren12, J. Larsson12, S. Techert13, J. Sheppard14, J. S. Wark14, M. Bergh15, C. Caleman15, G. Huldt15, D. van der Spoel15, N. Timneanu15, J. Hajdu15, R. A. Akre16, E. Bong16, P. Emma16, P. Krejcik16, J. Arthur17, S. Brennan17, K. J. Gaffney17, A. M. Lindenberg17, K. Luening17, and J. B. Hastings17
1FOCUS Center, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
2Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
3Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
4National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
5Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
6Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
7Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
8Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
9European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
10Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
11Physics Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
12Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
13Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
14Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, 3PU, United Kingdom
15Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
16Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
17Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory/SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Received 2 November 2004; published 24 March 2005
Linear-accelerator-based sources will revolutionize ultrafast x-ray science due to their unprecedented brightness and short pulse duration. However, time-resolved studies at the resolution of the x-ray pulse duration are hampered by the inability to precisely synchronize an external laser to the accelerator. At the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear-Accelerator Center we solved this problem by measuring the arrival time of each high energy electron bunch with electro-optic sampling. This measurement indirectly determined the arrival time of each x-ray pulse relative to an external pump laser pulse with a time resolution of better than 60 fs rms.
© 2005 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.114801
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.114801
PACS:
41.60.Cr, 41.75.Ht, 42.65.Re
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