Phys. Rev. Lett.
94,
232302
(2005)
[6 pages]
Saturation of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at √sNN=62–200 GeV
S. S. Adler et al. PHENIX Collaboration
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S. S. Adler5, S. Afanasiev20, C. Aidala5,10, N. N. Ajitanand48, Y. Akiba23,42,43, A. Al-Jamel37, J. Alexander48, R. Amirikas14, K. Aoki27,42, L. Aphecetche50, R. Armendariz37, S. H. Aronson5, R. Averbeck49, T. C. Awes38, B. Azmoun5, R. Azmoun49, V. Babintsev17, A. Baldisseri11, K. N. Barish6, P. D. Barnes30, B. Bassalleck36, S. Bathe6,33, S. Batsouli10, V. Baublis41, F. Bauer6, A. Bazilevsky5,17,43, S. Belikov5,17,19, R. Bennett49, Y. Berdnikov45, S. Bhagavatula19, M. T. Bjorndal10, J. G. Boissevain30, H. Borel11, S. Borenstein28, K. Boyle49, M. L. Brooks30, D. S. Brown37, N. Bruner36, D. Bucher33, H. Buesching5,33, V. Bumazhnov17, G. Bunce5,43, J. M. Burward-Hoy29,30,49, S. Butsyk49, X. Camard50, S. Campbell49, J.-S. Chai21, P. Chand4, W. C. Chang2, S. Chernichenko17, C. Y. Chi10, J. Chiba23, M. Chiu10, I. J. Choi57, J. Choi22, R. K. Choudhury4, T. Chujo5,54, V. Cianciolo38, C. R. Cleven15, Y. Cobigo11, B. A. Cole10, M. P. Comets39, P. Constantin19, M. Csanád13, T. Csörgő24, D. d’Enterria10,50, T. Dahms49, K. Das14, G. David5, H. Delagrange50, A. Denisov17, A. Deshpande43,49, E. J. Desmond5, A. Devismes49, O. Dietzsch46, A. Dion49, J. L. Drachenberg1, O. Drapier28, A. Drees49, K. A. Drees5, A. K. Dubey56, R. du Rietz32, A. Durum17, D. Dutta4, V. Dzhordzhadze51, Y. V. Efremenko38, J. Egdemir49, K. El Chenawi54, A. Enokizono16, H. En’yo42,43, B. Espagnon39, S. Esumi53, L. Ewell5, D. E. Fields36,43, F. Fleuret28, S. L. Fokin26, B. Forestier31, B. D. Fox43, Z. Fraenkel56, J. E. Frantz10, A. Franz5, A. D. Frawley14, Y. Fukao27,42, S.-Y. Fung6, S. Gadrat31, S. Garpman32,*, F. Gastineau50, M. Germain50, T. K. Ghosh54, A. Glenn51, G. Gogiberidze51, M. Gonin28, J. Gosset11, Y. Goto42,43, R. Granier de Cassagnac28, N. Grau19, S. V. Greene54, M. Grosse Perdekamp18,43, T. Gunji8, W. Guryn5, H.-Å. Gustafsson32, T. Hachiya16,42, A. Hadj Henni50, J. S. Haggerty5, M. N. Hagiwara1, H. Hamagaki8, A. G. Hansen30, H. Harada16, E. P. Hartouni29, K. Haruna16, M. Harvey5, E. Haslum32, K. Hasuko42, R. Hayano8, N. Hayashi42, X. He15, M. Heffner29, T. K. Hemmick49, J. M. Heuser42,49, M. Hibino55, H. Hiejima18, J. C. Hill19, R. Hobbs36, M. Holmes54, W. Holzmann48, K. Homma16, B. Hong25, A. Hoover37, T. Horaguchi42,52, H. M. Hur21, T. Ichihara42,43, V. V. Ikonnikov26, K. Imai27,42, M. Inaba53, D. Isenhower1, L. Isenhower1, M. Ishihara42, T. Isobe8, M. Issah48, A. Isupov20, B. V. Jacak49, W. Y. Jang25, Y. Jeong22, J. Jia10,49, J. Jin10, O. Jinnouchi42,43, B. M. Johnson5, S. C. Johnson29, K. S. Joo34, D. Jouan39, F. Kajihara8,42, S. Kametani8,55, N. Kamihara42,52, M. Kaneta43, J. H. Kang57, S. S. Kapoor4, K. Katou55, T. Kawagishi53, A. V. Kazantsev26, S. Kelly9,10, B. Khachaturov56, A. Khanzadeev41, J. Kikuchi55, D. H. Kim34, D. J. Kim57, D. W. Kim22, E. Kim47, G.-B. Kim28, H. J. Kim57, Y.-S. Kim21, E. Kinney9, W. W. Kinnison30, A. Kiss13, E. Kistenev5, A. Kiyomichi42,53, K. Kiyoyama35, C. Klein-Boesing33, H. Kobayashi42,43, L. Kochenda41, V. Kochetkov17, D. Koehler36, T. Kohama16, B. Komkov41, M. Konno53, M. Kopytine49, D. Kotchetkov6, A. Kozlov56, P. J. Kroon5, C. H. Kuberg1,30, G. J. Kunde30, N. Kurihara8, K. Kurita42,43,44, Y. Kuroki53, M. J. Kweon25, Y. Kwon57, G. S. Kyle37, R. Lacey48, V. Ladygin20, J. G. Lajoie19, Y. Le Bornec39, A. Lebedev19,26, S. Leckey49, D. M. Lee30, M. K. Lee57, S. Lee22, M. J. Leitch30, M. A. L. Leite46, X. H. Li6, H. Lim47, A. Litvinenko20, M. X. Liu30, Y. Liu39, C. F. Maguire54, Y. I. Makdisi5, A. Malakhov20, M. D. Malik36, V. I. Manko26, Y. Mao7,42, G. Martinez50, M. D. Marx49, H. Masui53, F. Matathias49, T. Matsumoto8,55, M. C. McCain18, P. L. McGaughey30, E. Melnikov17, F. Messer49, Y. Miake53, J. Milan48, T. E. Miller54, A. Milov49,56, S. Mioduszewski5, R. E. Mischke30, G. C. Mishra15, J. T. Mitchell5, A. K. Mohanty4, D. P. Morrison5, J. M. Moss30, T. V. Moukhanova26, F. Mühlbacher49, D. Mukhopadhyay54,56, M. Muniruzzaman6, J. Murata42,43,44, S. Nagamiya23, Y. Nagata53, J. L. Nagle9,10, M. Naglis56, T. Nakamura16, B. K. Nandi6, M. Nara53, J. Newby29,51, M. Nguyen49, P. Nilsson32, B. Norman30, A. S. Nyanin26, J. Nystrand32, E. O’Brien5, C. A. Ogilvie19, H. Ohnishi5,42, I. D. Ojha3,54, H. Okada27,42, K. Okada42,43, O. O. Omiwade1, M. Ono53, V. Onuchin17, A. Oskarsson32, I. Otterlund32, K. Oyama8, K. Ozawa8, D. Pal54,56, A. P. T. Palounek30, V. Pantuev49, V. Papavassiliou37, J. Park47, W. J. Park25, A. Parmar36, S. F. Pate37, H. Pei19, T. Peitzmann33, J.-C. Peng18,30, H. Pereira11, V. Peresedov20, D. Yu. Peressounko26, C. Pinkenburg5, R. P. Pisani5, F. Plasil38, M. L. Purschke5, A. K. Purwar49, H. Qu15, J. Rak19, I. Ravinovich56, K. F. Read38,51, M. Reuter49, K. Reygers33, V. Riabov41,45, Y. Riabov41, G. Roche31, A. Romana28, M. Rosati19, S. S. E. Rosendahl32, P. Rosnet31, P. Rukoyatkin20, V. L. Rykov42, S. S. Ryu57, M. E. Sadler1, B. Sahlmueller33, N. Saito27,42,43, T. Sakaguchi8,55, M. Sakai35, S. Sakai53, V. Samsonov41, L. Sanfratello36, R. Santo33, H. D. Sato27,42, S. Sato5,23,53, S. Sawada23, Y. Schutz50, V. Semenov17, R. Seto6, D. Sharma56, M. R. Shaw1,30, T. K. Shea5, I. Shein17, T.-A. Shibata42,52, K. Shigaki16,23, T. Shiina30, M. Shimomura53, T. Shohjoh53, K. Shoji27,42, A. Sickles49, C. L. Silva46, D. Silvermyr30,32,38, K. S. Sim25, J. Simon-Gillo30, C. P. Singh3, V. Singh3, M. Sivertz5, S. Skutnik19, W. C. Smith1, A. Soldatov17, R. A. Soltz29, W. E. Sondheim30, S. P. Sorensen51, I. V. Sourikova5, F. Staley11, P. W. Stankus38, E. Stenlund32, M. Stepanov37, A. Ster24, S. P. Stoll5, T. Sugitate16, C. Suire39, J. P. Sullivan30, J. Sziklai24, T. Tabaru43, S. Takagi53, E. M. Takagui46, A. Taketani42,43, M. Tamai55, K. H. Tanaka23, Y. Tanaka35, K. Tanida42,43, M. J. Tannenbaum5, A. Taranenko48, P. Tarján12, J. D. Tepe1,30, T. L. Thomas36, M. Togawa27,42, J. Tojo27,42, H. Torii27,42, R. S. Towell1, V.-N. Tram28, I. Tserruya56, Y. Tsuchimoto16,42, H. Tsuruoka53, S. K. Tuli3, H. Tydesjö32, N. Tyurin17, H. Valle54, H. W. van Hecke30, J. Velkovska5,49,54, M. Velkovsky49, R. Vertesi12, V. Veszprémi12, L. Villatte51, A. A. Vinogradov26, M. A. Volkov26, E. Vznuzdaev41, M. Wagner27, X. R. Wang15,37, Y. Watanabe42,43, J. Wessels33, S. N. White5, N. Willis39, D. Winter10, F. K. Wohn19, C. L. Woody5, M. Wysocki9, W. Xie6,43, Y. Yang7, A. Yanovich17, S. Yokkaichi42,43, G. R. Young38, I. Younus36, I. E. Yushmanov26, W. A. Zajc10,†, O. Zaudkte33, C. Zhang10, S. Zhou7, S. J. Zhou56, J. Zimányi24, and L. Zolin20 (PHENIX Collaboration)
1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
2Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
3Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
4Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
5Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
6University of California - Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
7China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
8Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
9University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
10Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
11Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
12Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
13ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H - 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
14Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
15Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
16Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
17Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
18University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
19Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
20Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
21KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea
22Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, Korea
23KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0801, Japan
24KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Hungary
25Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
26Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
27Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
28Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
29Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
30Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
31LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
32Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
33Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
34Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
35Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
36University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
37New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
38Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
39IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
40Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
41PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
42RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
43RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
44Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
45St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
46Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
47System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
48Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, New York 11794-3400, USA
49Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
50SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France
51University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
52Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
53Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
54Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
55Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
56Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
57Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
Received 19 November 2004; published 17 June 2005
New measurements are presented for charged hadron azimuthal correlations at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV. They are compared to earlier measurements obtained at √sNN=130 GeV and in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=17.2 GeV. Sizeable anisotropies are observed with centrality and transverse momentum (pT) dependence characteristic of elliptic flow (v2). For a broad range of centralities, the observed magnitudes and trends of the differential anisotropy, v2(pT), change very little over the collision energy range √sNN=62–200 GeV, indicating saturation of the excitation function for v2 at these energies. Such a saturation may be indicative of the dominance of a very soft equation of state for √sNN∼60–200 GeV.
© 2005 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.232302
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.232302
*Deceased. †PHENIX Spokesperson. Email: zajc@nevis.columbia.edu
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