Phys. Rev. Lett.
95,
221101
(2005)
[6 pages]
Upper Limits on a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott12, R. Abbott12, R. Adhikari12, J. Agresti12, P. Ajith2, B. Allen37, J. Allen13, R. Amin16, S. B. Anderson12, W. G. Anderson37, M. Araya12, H. Armandula12, M. Ashley26, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak1, R. Balasubramanian7, S. Ballmer13, B. C. Barish12, C. Barker14, D. Barker14, M. A. Barton12, K. Bayer13, K. Belczynski22,*, J. Betzwieser13, B. Bhawal12, I. A. Bilenko19, G. Billingsley12, E. Black12, K. Blackburn12, L. Blackburn13, B. Bland14, L. Bogue15, R. Bork12, S. Bose39, P. R. Brady37, V. B. Braginsky19, J. E. Brau35, D. A. Brown12, A. Buonanno6, D. Busby12, W. E. Butler36, L. Cadonati13, G. Cagnoli33, J. B. Camp20, J. Cannizzo20, K. Cannon37, L. Cardenas12, K. Carter15, M. M. Casey33, P. Charlton12,†, S. Chatterji12, Y. Chen1, D. Chin34, N. Christensen8, T. Cokelaer7, C. N. Colacino31, R. Coldwell32, D. Cook14, T. Corbitt13, D. Coyne12, J. D. E. Creighton37, T. D. Creighton12, J. Dalrymple25, E. D’Ambrosio12, K. Danzmann29,2, G. Davies7, D. DeBra24, V. Dergachev34, S. Desai26, R. DeSalvo12, S. Dhurandar11, M. Díaz27, A. Di Credico25, R. W. P. Drever4, R. J. Dupuis12, P. Ehrens12, T. Etzel12, M. Evans12, T. Evans15, S. Fairhurst37, L. S. Finn26, K. Y. Franzen32, R. E. Frey35, P. Fritschel13, V. V. Frolov15, M. Fyffe15, K. S. Ganezer5, J. Garofoli14, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime16, K. Goda13, L. Goggin12, G. González16, C. Gray14, A. M. Gretarsson15, D. Grimmett12, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther14, R. Gustafson34, W. O. Hamilton16, C. Hanna16, J. Hanson15, C. Hardham24, G. Harry13, J. Heefner12, I. S. Heng33, M. Hewitson2, N. Hindman14, P. Hoang12, J. Hough33, W. Hua24, M. Ito35, Y. Itoh37, A. Ivanov12, B. Johnson14, W. W. Johnson16, D. I. Jones26,‡, G. Jones7, L. Jones12, V. Kalogera22, E. Katsavounidis13, K. Kawabe14, S. Kawamura21, W. Kells12, A. Khan15, C. Kim22, P. King12, S. Klimenko32, S. Koranda37, D. Kozak12, B. Krishnan1, M. Landry14, B. Lantz24, A. Lazzarini12, M. Lei12, I. Leonor35, K. Libbrecht12, P. Lindquist12, S. Liu12, M. Lormand15, M. Lubinski14, H. Lück29,2, M. Luna30, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis13, M. Mageswaran12, K. Mailand12, M. Malec29, V. Mandic12, S. Marka9, E. Maros12, K. Mason13, L. Matone9, N. Mavalvala13, R. McCarthy14, D. E. McClelland3, M. McHugh18, J. W. C. McNabb26, A. Melissinos36, G. Mendell14, R. A. Mercer31, S. Meshkov12, E. Messaritaki37, C. Messenger31, E. Mikhailov13, S. Mitra11, V. P. Mitrofanov19, G. Mitselmakher32, R. Mittleman13, O. Miyakawa12, S. Mohanty27, G. Moreno14, K. Mossavi2, G. Mueller32, S. Mukherjee27, E. Myers38, J. Myers14, T. Nash12, F. Nocera12, J. S. Noel39, B. O’Reilly15, R. O’Shaughnessy22, D. J. Ottaway13, H. Overmier15, B. J. Owen26, Y. Pan6, M. A. Papa1, V. Parameshwaraiah14, C. Parameswariah15,§, M. Pedraza12, S. Penn10, M. Pitkin33, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke32, F. Raab14, H. Radkins14, R. Rahkola35, M. Rakhmanov32, K. Rawlins13, S. Ray-Majumder37, V. Re31, T. Regimbau7,**, D. H. Reitze32, R. Riesen15, K. Riles34, B. Rivera14, D. I. Robertson33, N. A. Robertson24,33, C. Robinson7, S. Roddy15, A. Rodriguez16, J. Rollins9, J. D. Romano7, J. Romie12, S. Rowan33, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet13, P. Russell12, K. Ryan14, V. Sandberg14, G. H. Sanders12,††, V. Sannibale12, P. Sarin13, B. S. Sathyaprakash7, P. R. Saulson25, R. Savage14, A. Sazonov32, R. Schilling2, R. Schofield35, B. F. Schutz1, P. Schwinberg14, S. M. Scott3, S. E. Seader39, A. C. Searle3, B. Sears12, D. Sellers15, A. S. Sengupta7, P. Shawhan12, D. H. Shoemaker13, A. Sibley15, X. Siemens37, D. Sigg14, A. M. Sintes30,1, J. Smith2, M. R. Smith12, O. Spjeld15, K. A. Strain33, D. M. Strom35, A. Stuver26, T. Summerscales26, M. Sung16, P. J. Sutton12, D. B. Tanner32, R. Taylor12, K. A. Thorne26, K. S. Thorne6, K. V. Tokmakov19, C. Torres27, C. Torrie12, G. Traylor15, W. Tyler12, D. Ugolini28, C. Ungarelli31, M. Vallisneri6, M. van Putten13, S. Vass12, A. Vecchio31, J. Veitch33, C. Vorvick14, S. P. Vyachanin19, L. Wallace12, H. Ward33, R. Ward12, K. Watts15, D. Webber12, U. Weiland29, A. Weinstein12, R. Weiss13, S. Wen16, K. Wette3, J. T. Whelan18, S. E. Whitcomb12, B. F. Whiting32, S. Wiley5, C. Wilkinson14, P. A. Willems12, B. Willke29,2, A. Wilson12, W. Winkler2, S. Wise32, A. G. Wiseman37, G. Woan33, D. Woods37, R. Wooley15, J. Worden14, I. Yakushin15, H. Yamamoto12, S. Yoshida23, M. Zanolin13, L. Zhang12, N. Zotov17, M. Zucker15, and J. Zweizig12 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
4California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
5California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
10Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
11Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
12LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
13LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
14LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
15LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
16Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
17Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
18Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
19Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
20NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
21National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
22Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
23Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
24Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
25Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
26The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
27The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
28Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
29Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
30Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
31University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
32University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
33University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
34University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
35University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
36University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
37University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
38Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, USA
39Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 30 July 2005; published 22 November 2005
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory has performed a third science run with much improved sensitivities of all three interferometers. We present an analysis of approximately 200 hours of data acquired during this run, used to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. We place upper bounds on the energy density stored as gravitational radiation for three different spectral power laws. For the flat spectrum, our limit of Ω0<8.4×10-4 in the 69–156 Hz band is ∼105 times lower than the previous result in this frequency range.
© 2005 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.221101
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.221101
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 04.30.Db, 07.05.Kf, 95.55.Ym
*Present address: New Mexico State University. †Present address: Charles Sturt University, Australia. ‡Present address: University of Southampton. §Present address: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer. **Present address: Observatoire de la Cõte d’Azur. ††Present address: Thirty Meter Telescope Project, Caltech.
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