Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 040403 (2005) [4 pages]Atomic Gases at Negative Kinetic TemperatureReceived 26 January 2005; published 21 July 2005 We show that thermalization of the motion of atoms at negative temperature is possible in an optical lattice, for conditions that are feasible in current experiments. We present a method for reversibly inverting the temperature of a trapped gas. Moreover, a negative-temperature ensemble can be cooled (reducing |T|) by evaporation of the lowest-energy particles. This enables the attainment of the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition at negative temperature. © 2005 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.040403
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.040403
PACS:
03.75.Hh, 03.75.Lm, 05.70.−a
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