Observation of Surface-Avoiding Waves: A New Class of Extended States in Periodic Media

Coherent time-domain optical experiments on GaAs-AlAs superlattices reveal the existence of an unusually long-lived acoustic mode at ∼0.6  THz which couples weakly to the environment by evading the sample boundaries. Classical as well as quantum states that steer clear of surfaces are generally shown to occur in the spectrum of periodic structures, for most boundary conditions. These surface-avoiding waves are associated with frequencies outside forbidden gaps and wave vectors in the vicinity of the center and edge of the Brillouin zone. Possible consequences for surface science and resonant-cavity applications are discussed.