Phys. Rev. Lett.
97,
221101
(2006)
[5 pages]
Limits on the High-Energy Gamma and Neutrino Fluxes from the SGR 1806-20 Giant Flare of 27 December 2004 with the AMANDA-II Detector
A. Achterberg et al. IceCube Collaboration
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A. Achterberg30, M. Ackermann32, J. Adams10, J. Ahrens20, K. Andeen19, D. W. Atlee28, J. N. Bahcall24,*, X. Bai22, B. Baret8, M. Bartelt12, S. W. Barwick15, R. Bay4, K. Beattie6, T. Becka20, J. K. Becker12, K.-H. Becker31, P. Berghaus7, D. Berley11, E. Bernardini32, D. Bertrand7, D. Z. Besson16, E. Blaufuss11, D. J. Boersma19, C. Bohm26, J. Bolmont32, S. Böser32, O. Botner29, A. Bouchta29, J. Braun19, C. Burgess26, T. Burgess26, T. Castermans21, D. Chirkin6, B. Christy11, J. Clem22, D. F. Cowen28,27, M. V. D’Agostino4, A. Davour29, C. T. Day6, C. De Clercq8, L. Demirörs22, F. Descamps13, P. Desiati19, T. DeYoung28, J. C. Diaz-Velez19, J. Dreyer12, J. P. Dumm19, M. R. Duvoort30, W. R. Edwards6, R. Ehrlich11, J. Eisch25, R. W. Ellsworth11, P. A. Evenson22, O. Fadiran2, A. R. Fazely3, T. Feser20, K. Filimonov4, B. D. Fox28, T. K. Gaisser22, J. Gallagher18, R. Ganugapati19, H. Geenen31, L. Gerhardt15, A. Goldschmidt6, J. A. Goodman11, R. Gozzini20, S. Grullon19, A. Groß14, R. M. Gunasingha3, M. Gurtner31, A. Hallgren29, F. Halzen19, K. Han10, K. Hanson19, D. Hardtke4, R. Hardtke25, T. Harenberg31, J. E. Hart28, T. Hauschildt22, D. Hays6, J. Heise30, K. Helbing31, M. Hellwig20, P. Herquet21, G. C. Hill19, J. Hodges19, K. D. Hoffman11, B. Hommez13, K. Hoshina19, D. Hubert8, B. Hughey19, P. O. Hulth26, K. Hultqvist26, S. Hundertmark26, J.-P. Hülß31, A. Ishihara19, J. Jacobsen6, G. S. Japaridze2, A. Jones6, J. M. Joseph6, K.-H. Kampert31, A. Karle19, H. Kawai9, J. L. Kelley19, M. Kestel28, N. Kitamura19, S. R. Klein6, S. Klepser32, G. Kohnen21, H. Kolanoski5, L. Köpke20, M. Krasberg19, K. Kuehn15, H. Landsman19, H. Leich32, I. Liubarsky17, J. Lundberg29, J. Madsen25, K. Mase9, H. S. Matis6, T. McCauley6, C. P. McParland6, A. Meli12, T. Messarius12, P. Mészáros27,28, H. Miyamoto9, A. Mokhtarani6, T. Montaruli19,†, A. Morey4, R. Morse19, S. M. Movit27, K. Münich12, R. Nahnhauer32, J. W. Nam15, P. Nießen22, D. R. Nygren6, H. Ögelman19, Ph. Olbrechts8, A. Olivas11, S. Patton6, C. Peña-Garay24, C. Pérez de los Heros29, A. Piegsa20, D. Pieloth32, A. C. Pohl29,‡, R. Porrata4, J. Pretz11, P. B. Price4, G. T. Przybylski6, K. Rawlins1, S. Razzaque27,28, F. Refflinghaus12, E. Resconi14, W. Rhode12, M. Ribordy21, A. Rizzo8, S. Robbins31, P. Roth11, C. Rott28, D. Rutledge28, D. Ryckbosch13, H.-G. Sander20, S. Sarkar23, S. Schlenstedt32, T. Schmidt11, D. Schneider19, D. Seckel22, S. H. Seo28, S. Seunarine10, A. Silvestri15, A. J. Smith11, M. Solarz4, C. Song19, J. E. Sopher6, G. M. Spiczak25, C. Spiering32, M. Stamatikos19, T. Stanev22, P. Steffen32, T. Stezelberger6, R. G. Stokstad6, M. C. Stoufer6, S. Stoyanov22, E. A. Strahler19, T. Straszheim11, K.-H. Sulanke32, G. W. Sullivan11, T. J. Sumner17, I. Taboada4, O. Tarasova32, A. Tepe31, L. Thollander26, S. Tilav22, P. A. Toale28, D. Turčan11, N. van Eijndhoven30, J. Vandenbroucke4, A. Van Overloop13, B. Voigt32, W. Wagner28, C. Walck26, H. Waldmann32, M. Walter32, Y.-R. Wang19, C. Wendt19, C. H. Wiebusch31, G. Wikström26, D. R. Williams28, R. Wischnewski32, H. Wissing32, K. Woschnagg4, X. W. Xu3, G. Yodh15, S. Yoshida9, and J. D. Zornoza19,§ (IceCube Collaboration)
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska, Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
2CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
3Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
4Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
5Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
6Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
7Science Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
8Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
9Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
10Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
11Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
12Department of Physics, Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
13Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
14Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany
15Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
16Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
17Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
18Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
19Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
20Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
21University of Mons-Hainaut, 7000 Mons, Belgium
22Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
23Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
24Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
25Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
26Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
27Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
28Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
29Division of High Energy Physics, Uppsala University, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
30Department of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University/SRON, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
31Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
32DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
Received 11 July 2006; published 28 November 2006
On 27 December 2004, a giant γ flare from the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater 1806-20 saturated many satellite gamma-ray detectors, being the brightest transient event ever observed in the Galaxy. AMANDA-II was used to search for down-going muons indicative of high-energy gammas and/or neutrinos from this object. The data revealed no significant signal, so upper limits (at 90% C.L.) on the normalization constant were set: 0.05(0.5) TeV-1 m-2 s-1 for γ=-1.47 (-2) in the gamma flux and 0.4(6.1) TeV-1 m-2 s-1 for γ=-1.47 (-2) in the high-energy neutrino flux.
© 2006 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.221101
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.221101
PACS:
95.85.Pw, 95.55.Ka, 95.55.Vj, 97.60.Gb
*Deceased. †On leave of absence from Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. ‡Also at Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Kalmar University, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. §Corresponding author. Electronic address: zornoza@icecube.wisc.edu Also at IFIC (CSIC-Universitat de València), AC 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
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