Phys. Rev. Lett.
98,
181802
(2007)
[8 pages]
Evidence for Production of Single Top Quarks and First Direct Measurement of |Vtb|
V. M. Abazov et al. DØ Collaboration
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V. M. Abazov35, B. Abbott75, M. Abolins65, B. S. Acharya28, M. Adams51, T. Adams49, E. Aguilo5, S. H. Ahn30, M. Ahsan59, G. D. Alexeev35, G. Alkhazov39, A. Alton64,*, G. Alverson63, G. A. Alves2, M. Anastasoaie34, L. S. Ancu34, T. Andeen53, S. Anderson45, B. Andrieu16, M. S. Anzelc53, Y. Arnoud13, M. Arov52, A. Askew49, B. Åsman40, A. C. S. Assis Jesus3, O. Atramentov49, C. Autermann20, C. Avila7, C. Ay23, F. Badaud12, A. Baden61, L. Bagby52, B. Baldin50, D. V. Bandurin59, P. Banerjee28, S. Banerjee28, E. Barberis63, P. Bargassa80, P. Baringer58, C. Barnes43, J. Barreto2, J. F. Bartlett50, U. Bassler16, D. Bauer43, S. Beale5, A. Bean58, M. Begalli3, M. Begel71, C. Belanger-Champagne40, L. Bellantoni50, A. Bellavance67, J. A. Benitez65, S. B. Beri26, G. Bernardi16, R. Bernhard22, L. Berntzon14, I. Bertram42, M. Besançon17, R. Beuselinck43, V. A. Bezzubov38, P. C. Bhat50, V. Bhatnagar26, M. Binder24, C. Biscarat19, I. Blackler43, G. Blazey52, F. Blekman43, S. Blessing49, D. Bloch18, K. Bloom67, A. Boehnlein50, D. Boline62, T. A. Bolton59, E. E. Boos37, G. Borissov42, K. Bos33, T. Bose77, A. Brandt78, R. Brock65, G. Brooijmans70, A. Bross50, D. Brown78, N. J. Buchanan49, D. Buchholz53, M. Buehler81, V. Buescher22, V. Bunichev37, S. Burdin50, S. Burke45, T. H. Burnett82, E. Busato16, C. P. Buszello43, J. M. Butler62, P. Calfayan24, S. Calvet14, J. Cammin71, S. Caron33, W. Carvalho3, B. C. K. Casey77, N. M. Cason55, H. Castilla-Valdez32, S. Chakrabarti17, D. Chakraborty52, K. M. Chan71, A. Chandra48, F. Charles18, E. Cheu45, F. Chevallier13, D. K. Cho62, S. Choi31, B. Choudhary27, L. Christofek77, D. Claes67, B. Clément18, C. Clément40, Y. Coadou5, M. Cooke80, W. E. Cooper50, M. Corcoran80, F. Couderc17, M.-C. Cousinou14, B. Cox44, S. Crépé-Renaudin13, D. Cutts77, M. Ćwiok29, H. da Motta2, A. Das62, M. Das60, B. Davies42, G. Davies43, K. De78, P. de Jong33, S. J. de Jong34, E. De La Cruz-Burelo64, C. De Oliveira Martins3, J. D. Degenhardt64, F. Déliot17, M. 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Gutierrez75, A. Haas70, N. J. Hadley61, P. Haefner24, S. Hagopian49, J. Haley68, I. Hall75, R. E. Hall47, L. Han6, K. Hanagaki50, P. Hansson40, K. Harder44, A. Harel71, R. Harrington63, J. M. Hauptman57, R. Hauser65, J. Hays43, T. Hebbeker20, D. Hedin52, J. G. Hegeman33, J. M. Heinmiller51, A. P. Heinson48, U. Heintz62, C. Hensel58, K. Herner72, G. Hesketh63, M. D. Hildreth55, R. Hirosky81, J. D. Hobbs72, B. Hoeneisen11, H. Hoeth25, M. Hohlfeld15, S. J. Hong30, R. Hooper77, P. Houben33, Y. Hu72, Z. Hubacek9, V. Hynek8, I. Iashvili69, R. Illingworth50, A. S. Ito50, S. Jabeen62, M. Jaffré15, S. Jain75, K. Jakobs22, C. Jarvis61, A. Jenkins43, R. Jesik43, K. Johns45, C. Johnson70, M. Johnson50, A. Jonckheere50, P. Jonsson43, A. Juste50, D. Käfer20, S. Kahn73, E. Kajfasz14, A. M. Kalinin35, J. M. Kalk60, J. R. Kalk65, S. Kappler20, D. Karmanov37, J. Kasper62, P. Kasper50, I. Katsanos70, D. Kau49, R. Kaur26, R. Kehoe79, S. Kermiche14, N. Khalatyan62, A. Khanov76, A. Kharchilava69, Y. M. 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Stoyanova38, J. Strandberg64, S. Strandberg40, M. A. Strang69, M. Strauss75, R. Ströhmer24, D. Strom53, M. Strovink46, L. Stutte50, S. Sumowidagdo49, P. Svoisky55, A. Sznajder3, M. Talby14, P. Tamburello45, W. Taylor5, P. Telford44, J. Temple45, B. Tiller24, M. Titov22, V. V. Tokmenin35, M. Tomoto50, T. Toole61, I. Torchiani22, T. Trefzger23, S. Trincaz-Duvoid16, D. Tsybychev72, B. Tuchming17, C. Tully68, P. M. Tuts70, R. Unalan65, L. Uvarov39, S. Uvarov39, S. Uzunyan52, B. Vachon5, P. J. van den Berg33, B. van Eijk35, R. Van Kooten54, W. M. van Leeuwen33, N. Varelas51, E. W. Varnes45, A. Vartapetian78, I. A. Vasilyev38, M. Vaupel25, P. Verdier19, L. S. Vertogradov35, M. Verzocchi50, M. Vetterli5,‡, F. Villeneuve-Seguier43, P. Vint43, J.-R. Vlimant16, E. Von Toerne59, M. Voutilainen67,§, M. Vreeswijk33, H. D. Wahl49, L. Wang61, M. H. L. S Wang50, J. Warchol55, G. Watts82, M. Wayne55, G. Weber23, M. Weber50, H. Weerts65, N. Wermes21, M. Wetstein61, A. White78, D. Wicke25, G. W. Wilson58, S. J. Wimpenny48, M. Wobisch50, J. Womersley50, D. R. Wood63, T. R. Wyatt44, Y. Xie77, S. Yacoob53, R. Yamada50, M. Yan61, T. Yasuda50, Y. A. Yatsunenko35, K. Yip73, H. D. Yoo77, S. W. Youn53, C. Yu13, J. Yu78, A. Yurkewicz72, A. Zatserklyaniy52, C. Zeitnitz25, D. Zhang50, T. Zhao82, B. Zhou64, J. Zhu72, M. Zielinski71, D. Zieminska54, A. Zieminski54, V. Zutshi52, and E. G. Zverev37 (DØ Collaboration)
1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
5University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada and York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
6University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
7Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
8Center for Particle Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
9Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
10Center for Particle Physics, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
11Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
12Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
13Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, IN2P3-CNRS, Universite de Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
14CPPM, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
15Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3-CNRS et Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
16LPNHE, IN2P3-CNRS, Universités Paris VI and VII, Paris, France
17DAPNIA/Service de Physique des Particules, CEA, Saclay, France
18IPHC, IN2P3-CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France and Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
19Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IN2P3-CNRS, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
20III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
21Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
22Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
23Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
24Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
25Fachbereich Physik, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
26Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
27Delhi University, Delhi, India
28Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
29University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
30Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
31SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Korea
32CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
33FOM-Institute NIKHEF and University of Amsterdam/NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
34Radboud University Nijmegen/NIKHEF, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
35Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
36Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
37Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
38Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
39Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
40Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
41Physik Institut der Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
42Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
43Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
44University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
45University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
46Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
47California State University, Fresno, California 93740, USA
48University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
49Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
50Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
51University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
52Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
53Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
54Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
55University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
56Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, USA
57Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
58University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
59Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
60Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
61University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
62Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
63Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
64University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
65Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
66University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
67University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
68Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
69State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
70Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
71University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
72State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
73Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
74Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050, USA
75University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
76Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
77Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
78University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
79Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
80Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
81University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
82University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Received 22 December 2006; published 1 May 2007
The D0 Collaboration presents first evidence for the production of single top quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron pp̅ collider. Using a 0.9 fb-1 dataset, we apply a multivariate analysis to separate signal from background and measure σ(pp̅ →tb+X,tqb+X)=4.9±1.4 pb. The probability to measure a cross section at this value or higher in the absence of a signal is 0.035%, corresponding to a 3.4 standard deviation significance. We use the cross section measurement to directly determine the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element that describes the Wtb coupling and find 0.68<|Vtb|≤1 at 95% C.L. within the standard model.
© 2007 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.181802
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.181802
PACS:
14.65.Ha, 12.15.Hh, 13.85.Ni
*Visiting scientist from Augustana College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. †Visiting scientist at Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. ‡Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. §Visiting scientist from Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland.
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