Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 246601 (2007) [4 pages]Generalization of Faraday’s Law to Include Nonconservative Spin ForcesReceived 22 November 2006; published 15 June 2007 The usual Faraday’s Law E=-dΦ/dt determines an electromotive force E which accounts only for forces resulting from the charge of electrons. In ferromagnetic materials, in general, there exist nonconservative spin forces which also contribute to E. These might be included in Faraday’s Law if the magnetic flux Φ is replaced by [ℏ/(-e)]γ, where γ is a Berry phase suitably averaged over the electron spin direction. These contributions to E represent the requirements of energy conservation in itinerant ferromagnets with time dependent order parameters. © 2007 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.246601
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.246601
PACS:
72.25.Ba, 03.65.Vf, 75.60.Ch, 85.75.−d
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