Driving perpendicular heat flow: p x n transverse thermoelectrics for microscale and cryogenic peltier cooling

Accepted

Whereas thermoelectric performance is normally limited by the figure of merit $ZT$, transverse thermoelectrics can achieve arbitrarily large temperature differences in a single leg even with inferior $ZT$ by being geometrically tapered. We introduce a band-engineered transverse thermoelectric with $p$-type Seebeck in one direction and $n$-type orthogonal, resulting in off-diagonal terms that drive heat flow transverse to electrical current. Such materials are advantageous for microscale devices and cryogenic temperatures -- exactly the regimes where standard longitudinal thermoelectrics fail. InAs/GaSb type II superlattices are shown to have the appropriate band structure for use as a transverse thermoelectric.